FIGURE 4.

Proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on all scaffolds: hMSCs were seeded on calcium sulphate (CaSO₄), beta tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP), beta tricalcium phosphate with hydroxyapatite (β‐TCP‐HA), lyophilized‐regenerated silk fibroin (L‐RSF), and microparticle‐regenerated silk fibroin (M‐RSF). Cells were cultured in osteogenic media and incubated at 37°C, 5% CO₂ for 28 days with media change at every 48 h. Proliferation was measured at Days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Data expressed as mean ± SD (N = 3) ***p < 0.001