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. 2021 Aug;130(6):676–689. doi: 10.1037/abn0000691

Table 11. Weighted Means, Percentages, and Standard Errors of Omnibus and Planned Comparisons Across Children With DLD, Typical Language, and Language Disorder Associated With a Known Diagnosis.

M/% (SE) Omnibus test Planned comparison
Sample DLD TL Known diagnosis Overall F (df) Overall p F (df) betweenDLD and TL p betweenDLD and TL
Note. SE = standard error; DLD = developmental language disorder; TL = typical language; age = age in months at Year-1 language assessment; NVIQ = nonverbal IQ; SES = socioeconomic status; SDQ = Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; CP = conduct problems; CP borderline+ = score > 3; EP = emotional problems; EP borderline+ = score > 4; HI = hyperactivity-inattention; HI borderline+ = score > 6; PP = peer problems; PP borderline score+ = >3; PS = prosocial; PS borderline+ = score > 5. Bold denotes p-values < .05.
a Weighted from n = 363 with complete data at Year 3.
N raw, Weighted n, % 91, 487.76, 7.6% 392, 5,803.32, 90.1% 45, 151.27, 2.3% NA NA NA NA
Age (Months) 71.52 (0.68) 71.77 (0.32) 73.08 (0.67) 1.80 (2, 526) .166 0.11 (1, 527) .745
Male 54.3% (9.0%) 49.2% (3.3%) 76.8% (7.7%) 113.84 (1.98, 113.84) .000 199.82 (1, 527) .000
NVIQ −0.77 (0.11) 0.11 (0.06) −1.82 (0.21) 57.49 (2, 526) .000 50.07 (1, 527) .000
SES deprivation 0.19 (0.02) 0.09 (0.05) 0.15 (0.02) 9.98 (2, 526) .000 15.67 (1, 527) .000
Reception year (4−5 years)
 SDQ CP 0.91 (0.20) 0.73 (0.08) 1.97 (0.41) 4.64 (2, 526) .010 0.70 (1, 527) .402
 SDQ EP 1.07 (0.23) 1.19 (0.11) 2.14 (0.45) 2.33 (2, 526) .099 0.22 (1, 527) .637
 SDQ HI 4.04 (0.40) 2.20 (0.18) 6.64 (1.20) 14.70 (2, 526) .000 17.74 (1, 527) .000
 SDQ PP 1.26 (0.23) 1.12 (0.11) 3.45 (0.58) 7.88 (2, 526) .000 0.29 (1, 527) .588
 SDQ PS 7.25 (0.42) 7.81 (0.16) 4.72 (0.77) 8.17 (2, 526) .000 1.57 (1, 527) .211
 SDQ CP % borderline+ 11.8% (3.2%) 10.2% (1.9%) 43.5% (13.4%) 9.21 (1.80, 950.53) .000 0.19 (1, 527) .666
 SDQ EP % borderline+ 5.3% (1.9%) 6.4% (1.5%) 11.7% (5.2%) 1.93 (1.93, 1,018.07) .421 0.22 (1, 527) .637
 SDQ HI % borderline+ 23.0% (5.0%) 13.8% (2.1%) 67.8% (12.6%) 17.32 (1.94, 1,023.32) .000 3.62 (1, 527) .058
 SDQ PP % borderline+ 26.3% (6.2%) 21.3% (2.6%) 63.2% (12.6%) 7.02 (2.00, 1,049.62) .001 0.60 (1, 527) .438
 SDQ PS % borderline+ 26.3% (6.2%) 21.3% (2.6%) 63.2% (12.2%) 7.02 (2.00, 10,049.62) .001 0.60 (1, 527) .438
Years 3 (7–9 years)
 SDQ CPa 1.28 (0.33) 0.64 (0.10) 1.19 (0.47) 2.31 (2, 361) .100 3.52 (1, 362) .061
 SDQ EPa 2.06 (0.39) 1.34 (0.15) 2.93 (0.38) 8.42 (2, 361) .000 2.97 (1, 362) .086
 SDQ HIa 4.51 (0.62) 2.47 (0.22) 6.77 (0.91) 14.29 (2, 361) .000 9.78 (1, 362) .002
 SDQ PPa 1.85 (0.30) 0.97 (0.12) 3.29 (0.43) 15.90 (2, 361) .000 7.50 (1, 362) .006
 SDQ PSa 6.74 (0.57) 8.07 (0.16) 5.55 (0.33) 24.60 (2, 361) .000 5.18 (1, 362) .023
 SDQ CP % borderline+a 16.1% (6.6%) 8.4% (2.1%) 19.9% (8.3%) 2.04 (1.70, 615.69) .139 1.81 (1, 331) .179
 SDQ EP % borderline+a 13.9% (6.4%) 9.9% (2.3%) 18.4% (8.0%) 0.69 (1.68, 609.55) .476 0.42 (1, 331) .518
 SDQ HI % borderline+a 49.4% (12.3%) 15.4% (2.8%) 63.4% (16.8%) 10.75 (1.90, 688.35) .000 11.67 (1, 331) .001
 SDQ PP % borderline+a 15.4% (6.5%) 10.6% (2.4%) 54.4% (14.8%) 8.25 (1.96, 711.72) .000 0.58 (1, 331) .446
 SDQ PS % borderline+a 29.3% (9.2%) 13.9% (2.6%) 68.6% (11.3%) 12.10 (1.75, 634.99) .000 3.88 (1, 331) .050