Table 11. Weighted Means, Percentages, and Standard Errors of Omnibus and Planned Comparisons Across Children With DLD, Typical Language, and Language Disorder Associated With a Known Diagnosis.
| M/% (SE) | Omnibus test | Planned comparison | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | DLD | TL | Known diagnosis | Overall F (df) | Overall p | F (df) betweenDLD and TL | p betweenDLD and TL |
| Note. SE = standard error; DLD = developmental language disorder; TL = typical language; age = age in months at Year-1 language assessment; NVIQ = nonverbal IQ; SES = socioeconomic status; SDQ = Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; CP = conduct problems; CP borderline+ = score > 3; EP = emotional problems; EP borderline+ = score > 4; HI = hyperactivity-inattention; HI borderline+ = score > 6; PP = peer problems; PP borderline score+ = >3; PS = prosocial; PS borderline+ = score > 5. Bold denotes p-values < .05. | |||||||
| a Weighted from n = 363 with complete data at Year 3. | |||||||
| N raw, Weighted n, % | 91, 487.76, 7.6% | 392, 5,803.32, 90.1% | 45, 151.27, 2.3% | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Age (Months) | 71.52 (0.68) | 71.77 (0.32) | 73.08 (0.67) | 1.80 (2, 526) | .166 | 0.11 (1, 527) | .745 |
| Male | 54.3% (9.0%) | 49.2% (3.3%) | 76.8% (7.7%) | 113.84 (1.98, 113.84) | .000 | 199.82 (1, 527) | .000 |
| NVIQ | −0.77 (0.11) | 0.11 (0.06) | −1.82 (0.21) | 57.49 (2, 526) | .000 | 50.07 (1, 527) | .000 |
| SES deprivation | 0.19 (0.02) | 0.09 (0.05) | 0.15 (0.02) | 9.98 (2, 526) | .000 | 15.67 (1, 527) | .000 |
| Reception year (4−5 years) | |||||||
| SDQ CP | 0.91 (0.20) | 0.73 (0.08) | 1.97 (0.41) | 4.64 (2, 526) | .010 | 0.70 (1, 527) | .402 |
| SDQ EP | 1.07 (0.23) | 1.19 (0.11) | 2.14 (0.45) | 2.33 (2, 526) | .099 | 0.22 (1, 527) | .637 |
| SDQ HI | 4.04 (0.40) | 2.20 (0.18) | 6.64 (1.20) | 14.70 (2, 526) | .000 | 17.74 (1, 527) | .000 |
| SDQ PP | 1.26 (0.23) | 1.12 (0.11) | 3.45 (0.58) | 7.88 (2, 526) | .000 | 0.29 (1, 527) | .588 |
| SDQ PS | 7.25 (0.42) | 7.81 (0.16) | 4.72 (0.77) | 8.17 (2, 526) | .000 | 1.57 (1, 527) | .211 |
| SDQ CP % borderline+ | 11.8% (3.2%) | 10.2% (1.9%) | 43.5% (13.4%) | 9.21 (1.80, 950.53) | .000 | 0.19 (1, 527) | .666 |
| SDQ EP % borderline+ | 5.3% (1.9%) | 6.4% (1.5%) | 11.7% (5.2%) | 1.93 (1.93, 1,018.07) | .421 | 0.22 (1, 527) | .637 |
| SDQ HI % borderline+ | 23.0% (5.0%) | 13.8% (2.1%) | 67.8% (12.6%) | 17.32 (1.94, 1,023.32) | .000 | 3.62 (1, 527) | .058 |
| SDQ PP % borderline+ | 26.3% (6.2%) | 21.3% (2.6%) | 63.2% (12.6%) | 7.02 (2.00, 1,049.62) | .001 | 0.60 (1, 527) | .438 |
| SDQ PS % borderline+ | 26.3% (6.2%) | 21.3% (2.6%) | 63.2% (12.2%) | 7.02 (2.00, 10,049.62) | .001 | 0.60 (1, 527) | .438 |
| Years 3 (7–9 years) | |||||||
| SDQ CPa | 1.28 (0.33) | 0.64 (0.10) | 1.19 (0.47) | 2.31 (2, 361) | .100 | 3.52 (1, 362) | .061 |
| SDQ EPa | 2.06 (0.39) | 1.34 (0.15) | 2.93 (0.38) | 8.42 (2, 361) | .000 | 2.97 (1, 362) | .086 |
| SDQ HIa | 4.51 (0.62) | 2.47 (0.22) | 6.77 (0.91) | 14.29 (2, 361) | .000 | 9.78 (1, 362) | .002 |
| SDQ PPa | 1.85 (0.30) | 0.97 (0.12) | 3.29 (0.43) | 15.90 (2, 361) | .000 | 7.50 (1, 362) | .006 |
| SDQ PSa | 6.74 (0.57) | 8.07 (0.16) | 5.55 (0.33) | 24.60 (2, 361) | .000 | 5.18 (1, 362) | .023 |
| SDQ CP % borderline+a | 16.1% (6.6%) | 8.4% (2.1%) | 19.9% (8.3%) | 2.04 (1.70, 615.69) | .139 | 1.81 (1, 331) | .179 |
| SDQ EP % borderline+a | 13.9% (6.4%) | 9.9% (2.3%) | 18.4% (8.0%) | 0.69 (1.68, 609.55) | .476 | 0.42 (1, 331) | .518 |
| SDQ HI % borderline+a | 49.4% (12.3%) | 15.4% (2.8%) | 63.4% (16.8%) | 10.75 (1.90, 688.35) | .000 | 11.67 (1, 331) | .001 |
| SDQ PP % borderline+a | 15.4% (6.5%) | 10.6% (2.4%) | 54.4% (14.8%) | 8.25 (1.96, 711.72) | .000 | 0.58 (1, 331) | .446 |
| SDQ PS % borderline+a | 29.3% (9.2%) | 13.9% (2.6%) | 68.6% (11.3%) | 12.10 (1.75, 634.99) | .000 | 3.88 (1, 331) | .050 |