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. 2021 Sep 9;9:721338. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.721338

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Copyright © 2021 Malik, Yang, Fathi, Mahler and Esch.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) The PBPK simulation and clinical data of lidocaine artery plasma concentration change over time after an intravenous administration of 3 mg/kg body weight (Tucker and Boas, 1971). (B) Comparison of two simulations for the artery plasma concentration change of monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX, a metabolite of lidocaine) after an intravenous administration of 3 mg/kg body weight, and using published parameters for MEGX unbound fraction (Feely and Grimm, 1991), partition coefficient (Dillane and Finucane, 2010), and in vitro liver kinetics (Bargetzi et al., 1989). One simulation is modeled with physiological parameters, and the other is modeled with 10 times more blood volume while keeping all the other parameters equal and at physiological values.