Table 4.
Summary of risk bias.
| References | Criteria | Quality rating | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) | (12) | (13) | (14) | ||
| Taşdemir et al. (2010) | YES | YES | YES | YES | NO | NA | NA | NA | YES | NA | YES | NA | NA | YES | Good |
| Robinson et al. (2018) | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | NA | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | NA | NA | YES | Good |
| Drescher et al. (2003) | YES | YES | NR | YES | NO | NA | NA | NA | NO | NA | YES | NA | NA | NO | Poor |
| Chang et al. (2014) | YES | YES | YES | YES | NO | NA | NA | YES | YES | YES | YES | NA | NA | YES | Good |
| Tesfa et al. (2020) | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | NA | NA | NA | YES | NA | YES | NA | NA | YES | Good |
| Türk et al. (2017) | YES | YES | YES | YES | NO | NA | NA | NA | NO | NA | YES | NA | NA | YES | Fair |
| Ishfaq and Mushtaq (2019) | YES | YES | NR | YES | NO | NA | NA | NA | NO | NA | YES | NA | NA | NO | Poor |
| Malhotra et al. (2015) | YES | YES | NR | YES | NO | NA | NA | NA | YES | NA | YES | NA | NA | NO | Poor |
| Ndombe et al. (2011) | YES | YES | NO | YES | NO | NA | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | NA | YES | NO | Good |
| Branecka-Wozniak et al. (2020) | YES | YES | NR | YES | NO | NA | NA | NA | YES | NA | YES | NA | NA | YES | Fair |
| Aasheim et al. (2014) | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | NA | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | NA | YES | YES | Good |
| Farooq et al. (2018) | YES | YES | NR | YES | NO | YES | NA | YES | YES | NA | YES | NA | NA | NO | Good |
| Lips (1985) | YES | YES | NR | YES | NO | NA | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | NA | YES | YES | Good |
| Emmanuel et al. (2012) | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | NA | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | NA | YES | YES | Good |
| Ngai and Ngu (2013) | YES | YES | NR | YES | NO | NA | NA | NA | YES | NA | YES | NA | NA | YES | Fair |
| Gul et al. (2018) | YES | YES | NR | YES | YES | NA | NA | NA | YES | NA | YES | NA | NA | NO | Fair |
| Elsenbruch et al. (2007) | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | NA | YES | YES | NA | YES | NA | YES | YES | Good |
| Calou et al. (2018) | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | NA | NA | NA | YES | NA | YES | NA | NA | YES | Good |
| MoghaddamHosseini et al. (2021) | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | NA | NA | YES | YES | NO | YES | NA | NA | YES | Good |
| Macleod and Weaver (2003) | YES | YES | YES | YES | NO | NA | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | NA | YES | YES | Good |
| Pakseresht et al. (2019) | YES | YES | NR | YES | YES | NA | NA | NA | YES | NA | YES | NA | NA | YES | Good |
| Stevenson et al. (1999) | YES | YES | NR | YES | NO | NA | NA | YES | YES | NA | YES | NA | NA | NO | Fair |
| Yu et al. (2020) | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | NA | NA | NA | YES | NA | YES | NA | NA | YES | Good |
| Gebuza et al. (2014) | YES | YES | NR | YES | NO | NA | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | NA | YES | NO | Good |
| Giblin et al. (1987) | YES | YES | YES | YES | NO | NA | NA | NA | YES | NA | YES | NA | NA | YES | Good |
| Nakamura et al. (2018) | YES | YES | NO | YES | NO | NA | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | NA | NR | YES | Good |
| Rokach (2007) | YES | YES | NR | YES | NO | YES | NA | YES | YES | NA | YES | NA | NA | NO | Fair |
| Klein (1998) | YES | YES | NR | YES | NO | NA | NA | YES | YES | NA | YES | NA | NA | NO | Fair |
| Yu et al. (2020) | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | NA | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | NA | YES | YES | Good |
| Corno et al. (2018) | YES | YES | NR | NO | NO | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | NA | NA | NO | Fair |
| Hasanzadeh et al. (2020) | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | NA | YES | YES | Good |
| Nazari et al. (2018) | YES | YES | NR | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | NA | YES | YES | Good |
| Cynthia Logsdon et al. (2005) | YES | YES | NR | YES | NO | NA | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | NA | YES | NO | Good |
| Kazemi et al. (2017) | YES | YES | NR | YES | NO | NA | NO | NA | YES | NO | YES | NA | NA | YES | Fair |
NA, not applicable; NR, not reported.