Table 5.

The intervention and qualitative assessments of SS, SWB among pregnant women.

Author/Year	Country	Study design	Intervention/Interview	Sample size	Mean age	Dependent variable	Outcome measurement	Result of intervention/interview
Corno et al. (2018)	Not listed	Prospective study	“Positive Pregnancy” is a 5-week, self-applied, web-based program designed with each module includes a brief psychoeducation unit focused on a positive psychology dimension and a positive psychology exercise.	6	N/A	Well-being	The Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale, PHQ-92, The Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Scale, The Satisfaction with Life Scale, The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support	On average, women's mental well-being levels increased from pre- to postintervention. Women's levels of satisfaction with life increased from pre- to postintervention
Hasanzadeh et al. (2020)	Iran	Prospective study	The intervention group received attachment training through six 90-min sessions, while the control group underwent the hospital's routine care. The two groups were required to fill out the study questionnaires once more after 4 weeks after the intervention	84	29.49 ± 4.28	Happiness	Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Cranley's Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale	There was a significant difference between the two groups' pretest and posttest mean scores of happiness. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant
Nazari et al. (2018)	Iran	Prospective study	Fordyce Happiness Cognitive-Behavioral training based on self-efficacy was done in the intervention group and there was no intervention for the control group.	100 (50, 50)	Intervention group: 28.80 ± 4.89, Control group: 26.98 ± 5.16	Happiness	Oxford Happiness Inventory, Perceived Stress Questionnaire	The results of the Wilcoxon Test indicated a significant difference in the intervention group's median scores of happiness and perceived stress before and after the intervention
Cynthia Logsdon et al. (2005)	U.S.A	Qualitative	The rationale for meeting twice was to capture information about social support needs as the adolescent was adjusting to pregnancy and again as the time of the birth drew closer.	30	13–14 years old (n = 6), 15–16 years old (n = 19), 17–18 years old (n = 5)	Social support	(a) What is the experience of receiving social support like? and (b) How does the need for social support, and the ability to negotiate social support, vary by age?	SS for pregnant adolescents varied depending on their family, socioeconomic status, threats to safety, and relationship with the baby's father. The younger adolescents felt that their parents recognized that they still needed to act like a child. Older pregnant adolescents had more realistic expectations, such assist them to apply for college and/or to obtain a job.
Kazemi et al. (2017)	Iran	Qualitative	Data were collected through face-to-face in-depth semistructured interviews. During interviews, searching questions were asked in order to further clarify participants' views.	16	29.69 ± 5.03	QoL	“What crosses your mind when you hear the word QOL?” “How has your QOL been since you fell pregnant?” “What negative effects has pregnancy had on your QOL?” “Which negative effects of pregnancy on your QOL have worried you”? “When is a pregnant woman's QOL considered good?”	All participants referred to their husbands' greater attention and support from them during pregnancy as major factors contributing to their stress reduction. Pregnant women's mothers played significant roles in reducing their stress by providing them with emotional support. Some of them also expressed their satisfaction with healthcare services by their physicians and midwives.