Table 3.
Pre-salvage therapy disease and treatment characteristics for brachytherapy studies.
| First author (country) | Year | Salvage BT type | TRS (mo)(range) | BCR definition | Age (years)(range) | PSA (ng/mL)(range) | ISUP | GS | % GS (≤7) | % GS (≥8) | Imaging for relapse | Biopsy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B Lee (USA) | 2007 | HDR | 63.6 (24-125) | NR | 68 (58-81) | 5.9 (1.4-9.5) | NR | NR | 52 | 38 | MRI | Yes (100%) |
| Lyczek (Poland) | 2009 | HDR | 49.5 | NR | 70 (52-82) | NR | 1 | 6 | 71 | 12 | NR | No |
| Chen (USA) | 2013 | HDR | 51.6 (10.8-135.6 | Phoenix | 67.5 (53.9-81.4) | 5 (0.4-26.3) | NR | 8 | 48 | 52 | CT | Yes (100%) |
| Kukielka (Poland) | 2014 | HDR | NR | Phoenix | 71 (62-83) | 2.8 (1.04-25.3) | 2/3 | 7 | 60 | 20 | MRI | Yes (100%) |
| *Yamada (USA) | 2014 | HDR | 73 | Phoenix | 72 | 3.54 | NR | 7 | 67 | 33 | MRI, BS | Yes (100%) |
| Jiang (Germany) | 2016 | HDR | NR | Phoenix | 75.5 (±5.8) | 4.05 (2.1-18.6) | NR | NR | NR | NR | C-PET | No |
| Lacy (USA) | 2016 | HDR | 45 (4-287) | Phoenix | 59 (44-72) | 6.3 (1-19.1) | NR | NR | NR | NR | CT, BS | Yes (14%) |
| Wojcieszek (Poland) | 2016 | HDR | 67 (22-124) | NR | 70 (57-81) | 3.1 (0.1-19.9) | NR | 7 | 46 | 7 | MRI, BS | Yes (100%) |
| Lopez (Spain) | 2019 | HDR | > 30 | ASTRO/ Phoenix | 62.1 (4-75) | 4.1 (1.5-16.7) | NR | 8 to 10 | 48 | 44 | CT, MRI, C-PET |
Yes (100%) |
| 2019 | LDR | > 30 | ASTRO/ Phoenix | 60.4 (47-71) | 3.6 (1.02-11) | 2/3 | 7 | 59 | 9 | CT, MRI, C-PET |
Yes (100%) | |
| Chitmanee (UK) | 2020 | HDR | < 5 years | Phoenix | 70 (57-82) | <10 (94%) | 2/3 | 7 | 54 | 36 | MRI, C-PET | Yes (100%) |
| Slevin (UK) | 2020 | HDR | 70 | Phoenix | 70 (62-81) | 3.1 (1.1-7.5) | 2 | 7 | 70 | 30 | MRI, PET | Yes (100%) |
| van Son (Netherlands) | 2020 | HDR | 101 (25-228) | Phoenix | 71 (59-83) | 5 (0.9-39) | 2 | 7 | 74 | 20 | PSMA-PET, MRI | Yes (100%) |
| Kollmeier (USA) | 2017 | HDR/LDR | 72 (12-172) | Phoenix | 73.5 (56-88) | 3.7 (0-59) | 2 | 7 | 61 | 39 | CT, MRI, BS | Yes (100%) |
| Baumann (USA) | 2017 | HDR/LDR | 56.1 (18-118) | Phoenix | 75 (57-85) | 5 (2-26) | NR | 7 | 55 | 36 | CT, MRI, BS | Yes (100%) |
| Henriquez (Spain) | 2014 | HDR/LDR | NR | Phoenix | 65 (60-80) | 3.7 (1.1-30) | 2/3 | 7 | 41 | 14 | MRI | Yes (100%) |
| Grado (USA) | 1999 | LDR | NR | 2 PSA rises>nadir | 73.3 (52.9-86.9) | 5.6 (1.5-79.1) | NR | NR | NR | NR | CT | Yes (100%) |
| Koutrouvelis (USA) | 2003 | LDR | 30 | nPSA+1.5 | 65 (51-79) | NR | NR | 6 | NR | NR | NR | Yes (100%) |
| Nguyen (USA) | 2007 | LDR | 62.4 (30-153) | ASTRO | 65 | 5.5 (1.4-11.6) | NR | NR | NR | NR | MRI | Yes (100%) |
| HK Lee (USA) | 2008 | LDR | 85 (±30.1) | Phoenix | 72 (±4.8) | 3.8 | NR | 7 | NR | NR | NR | Yes (100%) |
| Aaronson (USA) | 2009 | LDR | 49 (26-109) | Phoenix | 66 (54-88) | 3.41 (0.3-10) | NR | NR | NR | NR | MRI | Yes (100%) |
| Burri (USA) | 2010 | LDR | 62 (26-171) | Phoenix | 70.2 (51-79) | 5.6 (1.7-35) | NR | 8 | 65 | 32 | CT | Yes (100%) |
| Moman (Netherlands) | 2010 | LDR | 60 | ASTRO/ Phoenix | 69.3 | 11.4 | NR | 8 | 70.1 | 12.9 | NR | Yes (100%) |
| Peters (Netherlands) | 2014 | LDR | 79 (42-144) | Phoenix | 69 (59-78) | 4.7 (0.3-14) | NR | 7 | 65 | 35 | MRI, CT/BS, C-PET | Yes (100%) |
| Vargas (USA) | 2014 | LDR | 90 | Phoenix | 72.5 (55-88) | NR | NR | 7 | 73.2 | 26.8 | CT, BS | Yes (100%) |
| Peters (Netherlands) | 2016 | LDR | 67 (±32) | Phoenix | 69 (±5.3) | 8.6 (0.1-92.6) | NR | NR | NR | NR | MRI, PET, BS | Yes (100%) |
| Crook (Canada) | 2019 | LDR | 85 (39-199) | Phoenix | 70 (55-82) | 4.1 (0.4-9.7) | NR | NR | NR | NR | MRI | Yes (100%) |
| Smith (USA) | 2020 | LDR | 70 (10-235) | Phoenix | 70 (51-87) | 5.3 (0.1-38.4) | 3 | 7 | 65 | 32 | MRI | Yes (100%) |
| Schonle (Germany) | 2020 | PDR | 87.5 (19-255) | Phoenix | 69.9 (51-83) | 5.07 (0.28-51) | 2/3 | 7 | 59 | 24 | MRI | NR |
BT, brachytherapy; HDR, high dose rate; LDR, low dose rate; PSA, prostate specific antigen; NR, not recorded; GS, Gleason score; TRS, median time from primary treatment to salvage therapy; mo, months; BCR, biochemical recurrence; ASTRO, American Society for Radiation Oncology; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NS, bone scan; CT, computed tomography; US, ultrasound; C-PET, Choline positron emission tomography; PSMA, prostate specific membrane antigen.
For TRS, age, PSA, ISUP and GS, the median scores are presented.
*Yamada (USA) study cohort included in further publication Kollmeier (USA) however specific treatment characteristics and toxicity were not covered in later paper.