Table 3.
Reported molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the wastewater of South Asian countries
| Sample type | Country | Location | Detection time | Detection methods | PCR target regions | Positive rate | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Untreated wastewater | Bangladesh | Noakhali | 29/08/2020 | RT-PCR | ORF1 gene | 12/16 (75%) | Ahmed et al., 2020 |
| Untreated wastewater | India | Ahmedabad | 27/05/2020 | qRT-PCR | ORF-l gene | 100% | Kumar et al. 2020a) |
| Wastewater | India | Jaipur | 04/05/2020 to 12/06/2020 | RT-PCR | S gene, E gene, ORF1 gene, RdRp gene and N gene | 6/17 (35%) | Arora et al. 2020b |
| Sewage Treatment Plant | India | Vinzol-Ahmedabad |
26/11/2020 and 08/02/2021 |
RT-PCR | S gene | Not known | GISAID 2021 |
| Sewage | India | Hyderabad | 8/7/2020 to 6/8/2020 | RT-PCR | E, N & ORF1ab gene | 100% | Hemalatha et al. 2021 |
| Sewage samples and hospital wastewater | India | Chennai | 5/9/2020 to 11/9/2020 | qRT-PCR | N1, N2 gene | 100% | Chakraborty et al. 2021 |
| Sewage | Pakistan | Lahore | 13/7/2020 to 25/7/2020 | qRT-PCR | ORF1ab, N gene | 16/28 (54.1%) | Yaqub et al. 2020 |
| Untreated wastewater | Pakistan | Multiple locations | 20/03/2020 to 09/04/2020 | RT-PCR | N gene | 21/78 (27%) | Sharif et al. 2020 |
| Sewage | Nepal | Multiple locations | 13/05/2020 to 05/07/2020 | RT-PCR | E gene, RdRp gene, and N gene | 16/20 (80%) | Napit et al. 2021 |