TABLE. Number of laboratory-diagnosed bacterial and parasitic infections, hospitalizations, deaths, and outbreak-associated cases, incidence, and percentage change compared with 2017–2019 average annual incidence, by pathogen — Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. sites,* 2017–2020†.
| Pathogens | No. of infections§ | No. (%) |
Incidence§§ | % change in incidence, 2017–2019 to 2020 (95%CI)¶¶ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospitalizations¶ | Deaths** | Outbreak-associated cases†† | ||||
|
Bacteria
| ||||||
|
Campylobacter
|
7,208 |
1,524 (21) |
25 (0.3) |
19 (0.3) |
14.4 |
−23 (−29 to −16) |
|
Salmonella
|
6,694 |
1,971 (29) |
48 (0.7) |
631 (9) |
13.3 |
−22 (−26 to −17) |
| STEC*** |
1,824 |
441 (24) |
7 (0.4) |
27 (1) |
3.6 |
−37 (−47 to −26) |
|
Shigella
|
1,534 |
524 (34) |
3 (0.2) |
145 (9) |
3.1 |
−41 (−54 to −23) |
|
Yersinia
|
455 |
119 (26) |
5 (1.1) |
0 (—) |
0.9 |
−10 (−29 to 14) |
|
Vibrio
|
330 |
88 (27) |
8 (2.4) |
0 (—) |
0.7 |
−25 (−39 to −8) |
|
Listeria
|
104 |
99 (95) |
22 (21.2) |
2 (2) |
0.2 |
−27 (−43 to −7) |
|
Parasite
| ||||||
|
Cyclospora
|
313 |
22 (7) |
0 (—) |
116 (37) |
0.6 |
−17 (−50 to 37) |
| Total | 18,462 | 4,788 (26) | 118 (0.6) | 940 (5) | N/A | N/A |
Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; CIDT = culture-independent diagnostic test; N/A = not applicable; STEC = Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli.
* Data were obtained from Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, New Mexico, Oregon, Tennessee, and selected counties in California, Colorado, and New York.
† Data for 2020 are preliminary.
§ Bacterial infections were diagnosed by positive CIDT or isolation by culture, or for STEC by detection of Shiga toxin or Shiga toxin genes. Cyclospora infections were diagnosed by detection of parasite by ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy or polymerase chain reaction.
¶ Defined as hospitalizations occurring within 7 days before or after specimen collection and emergency department stays of >24 hours during the same time frame. Change in percentage of infections resulting in hospitalization during 2020 compared with 2017–2019: Campylobacter (+1), Salmonella (+2), STEC (+2), Shigella (+8), Yersinia (+3), Vibrio (−3), Listeria (−1), Cyclospora (+2).
** Defined as deaths occurring during hospitalization or within 7 days after specimen collection for persons who were not hospitalized. Change in percentage of infections resulting in death during 2020 compared with 2017–2019: Campylobacter (0.0), Salmonella (+0.2), STEC (0.0), Shigella (+0.1), Yersinia (+0.2), Vibrio (0.0), Listeria (+2.0), Cyclospora (−0.1).
†† Change in percentage of infections associated with outbreaks during 2020 compared with 2017–2019: Campylobacter (−0.1), Salmonella (+2), STEC (−4), Shigella (+6), Yersinia (0.0), Vibrio (−4), Listeria (−3), Cyclospora (+8).
§§ Per 100,000 population.
¶¶ Percentage change reported as increase or decrease.
*** The incidence of STEC O157 infections (0.5 per 100,000 population) changed by −37% (95% CI = −49 to −22) compared with 2017–2019; the incidence of non-O157 STEC infections (1.4) changed by −43% (95% CI = −51 to −34).