Trial ID	Physical Activity
Belton 2019	Actigraph accelerometer worn on the hip during all waking hours for 9 days; analysed using Evenson cut points for MVPA; reported in minutes/d
Corepal 2019	ActiGraph GT3X/+ accelerometers were worn for a minimum of 8 hours/d for at least 3 days. Activity counts were recorded using 1 second epochs, and were reintegrated in 60 second epochs before Evenson cut points were applied
Jago 2019	ActiGraph wGT3X‐BT accelerometers worn for 7 consecutive days. Students who provided ≥ 3 valid days (500 minutes) of data were included in the analysis. MVPA was estimated using Evenson cut points. Total physical activity was derived from counts per minute
Lonsdale 2019a	ActiGraph accelerometers attached at the right hip worn for 5 weekdays and 2 weekend days. Accelerometers assessed students’ moderate (38.26‐66.85 counts) and vigorous (> 66.86 counts) intensity during leisure time
Seljebotn 2019	Actigraph accelerometers were worn on the right hip for 7 days during all waking time. Data were collected in 10 second epochs, and MVPA was calculated using Evenson cut points
Zhou 2019	Actigraph GT3X+ on the right hip during waking hours for 7 consecutive days. Accelerometry data reduction followed procedures developed for Chinese children
Adab 2018	Actiheart accelerometer worn consecutively for 5 days, including a weekend. MVPA recorded as minutes/24 h of at least moderate intensity
Harrington 2018	A GENEActiv accelerometer was worn 24 hours/d for 7 days on their non‐dominant wrist at all time points. Devices were initialised with a sampling frequency of 100 Hz and were set to start recording at midnight on the first day of data collection and to stop recording at midnight 7 days later. Hildebrand cut points were used to estimate MVPA
Have 2018	Total daily PA were assessed using accelerometer (ActiGraph, GT3X and GT3X+, ActiGraph LLC, Pensacola, FL, USA). PA data were collected for 8 days, with a valid measurement of total PA defined as a minimum of 4 days with at least 10 hours of recorded activity each day. Total PA was expressed as mean counts per minute and as mean daily minutes in moderate to vigorous physical activity defined using Evenson cut points
Robbins 2018	ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers worn on an elastic belt at the right hip for 7 consecutive days, including 5 weekdays and 2 weekend days. An imputation approach based on all available data in hour blocks on all 7 days was implemented and wear time was standardised to 14 hours per day
Ten Hoor 2018	Measured using accelerometer (Actigraph GT3x, Actigraph, Pensacola, FL, USA) worn on the lower back for 5 consecutive days during all waking hours. Actilife software (v6.13.3) was used to generate activity counts per minute. Only students who had worn the accelerometer at least 8 hours per day during waking hours (i.e. time awake and time to bed) for a minimum of 3 days were included in the analyses. MVPA cut points were determined as proposed by Mattocks and colleagues
Farmer 2017	All children wore an accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X, Actigraph Corp, Pensacola, FL, USA) 24 hours a day for 7 days, positioned over the right hip. Accelerometers were initialised using ActiLife in uniaxial mode using 15 second epochs. Data were cleaned and scored using an automated script developed in MATLAB (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) that removes the appropriate sleep period for each day for each child individually, to avoid sleep being misclassified as sedentary time. A day was considered valid if there were at least 8 valid awake hours. Non‐wear time (awake hours only) was defined as at least 20 minutes of consecutive zeros. Participants were excluded from analysis if less than 3 valid days of wear was obtained. Activity intensities were calculated using the Evenson cut points developed for children aged 5 to 8 years
Sutherland 2017	Accelerometers were used with non‐wear time defined as 30 minutes of consecutive zeros. Counts were collected in 15‐second epochs. The Evenson cut points were used to categorise the intensity of PA (moderate or vigorous)
Daly 2016	PA was measured by accelerometers (Actigraph GT1M, Pensacola, FL, USA) worn simultaneously, positioned on a belt around the waist. MVPA was defined as counts > 2296 per minute
Drummy 2016	Physical activity was measured using an Actigraph accelerometer (GT1M, Actigraph LLC, Pensacole, FL, USA) set to 5 second epochs. Children were asked to wear accelerometers over a 7‐day period (5 weekdays and 2 weekend days), only to be removed when sleeping, bathing, swimming, and showering
Kocken 2016	MVPA was measured using a 1‐dimensional accelerometer; the ActiGraph. Counts per minute were collected every 15 seconds. The Actigraph was worn on the child’s right hip during at least 3 days and was removed when water was involved and during sleeping time
Lau 2016	MVPA was measured using the ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer for 7 continuous days. Non‐wear time was determined as zero accelerometer counts for any continuous period of 20 minutes. Wear‐time validation criterion was set at least 480 minutes/d for 4 days during the 7 assessment days. Cut points for MVPA (> 2296 counts per minute) developed by Evenson were applied to calculate MVPA time
Resaland 2016	Physical activity was measured by ActiGraph accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X+, LLC, Pensacola, Florida, USA). Children were instructed to wear the accelerometer on the right hip at all times over 7 consecutive days, except during water‐based activities or while sleeping. Wear time ≥ 480 minutes/day for ≥ 4 days was applied as a criterion for a valid measurement. Periods ≥ 20 minutes of zero counts were defined as non‐wear time. Evenson cut points for MVPA were used (2296 counts per minute)
Sutherland 2016	Accelerometer non‐wear time was defined as 30 minutes of consecutive zeroes. Counts were collected in 15‐second epochs and counts per minute calculated by dividing total accelerometer counts by minutes of wear time. The Evenson cut points were used to categorise the intensity of physical activity (moderate or vigorous)
Tarp 2016	Physical activity levels were assessed by accelerometer (GT3X and GT3X+ devices by ActiGraph LLC, Pensacola, FL, USA). Devices were worn on the right hip every day during a 7‐day period. The epoch was set to 2 seconds, but files were downloaded in 10 second epochs. A sequence of more than 30 minutes of consecutive zeroes was considered non‐wear time and was not included in analyses. To be included, students had to obtain a minimum of 4 days with at least 10 hours of valid registration at both time points. Evenson cut points were used to calculate time spent in MVPA
Cohen 2015	ActiGraph GT3Xþ accelerometers (ActiGraph, LLC, Fort Walton Beach, FL) were used. Children were required to wear accelerometers during waking hours for 7 consecutive days, except while bathing and swimming. Data were collected and stored in 10 second epochs with a frequency of 30 Hz. Valid wear time for total physical activity was defined as a minimum of 3 weekdays and a weekend day with at least 8 hours (480 minutes/d) of total wear time recorded. Non‐wear time was defined as strings of consecutive zeroes equating to 20 minutes. Evenson cut points were used to calculate time spent in sedentary (< 25 counts), light (26 to 573 counts), moderate (574 to 1002 counts), and vigorous (> 1003 counts) activity
Jago 2015	MVPA was assessed using an Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer for 7 days. A valid day of accelerometer data was defined as a minimum of 500 minutes of data between 05:00 and 11.59 PM. Periods > 60 minutes in which zero values were recorded were interpreted as ‘non‐wear’ time. For valid days, mean minutes engaged in MVPA (≥ 2296 counts per minute) were derived
Andrade 2014	Physical activity was assessed using accelerometers (type GT‐256 and GT1M Actigraph, Florida USA) in a sub‐sample of adolescents selected using a random number. A syntax in Stata was used for data reduction and to compute registered time, and time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (≥ 760 counts/min). Accelerometers were worn for 5 weekdays and measurements were excluded with less than 540 minutes of registered time per day. The proportion of adolescents who met the recommended 60 minutes of MVPA per day was calculated
Jago 2014	Physical activity was assessed using an ActiGraph accelerometer (Model GT3X+; ActiGraph LLC, FL, USA) set to collect data at 30 Hz for a maximum of 5 days including a weekend day. Periods ≥ 60 minutes of zero values were defined as accelerometer “non‐wear”. Participants were included if they provided at least 2 weekdays of valid accelerometer data (at least 500 minutes of data between 6 am and 11 pm). Mean minutes of MVPA on a weekday was derived using a cut point ≥ 2296 counts per minute
Kipping 2014	The ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers were used for 5 days of data collection (3 weekdays and 2 weekend days) during the day (except when bathing, swimming, or participating in contact sports such as karate). Time spent in MVPA was any time spent in activities that were at least 2296 counts per minute
Kobel 2014	Objective measurements of physical activity were performed using the Actiheart® activity sensor continuously over a period of at least 4 to 6 successive days (2 weekend days and 2 to 4 weekdays)
Fairclough 2013	Physical activity was objectively assessed for 7 consecutive days using ActiGraph GT1M accelerometers and 5 second epochs. Sustained 20 minute periods of zero counts were considered non‐wear time. Valid wear time was at least 540 minutes on weekdays and 480 minutes on weekend days for a minimum of 3 days. Cut points ≥ 2160 counts per minutes and ≥ 4806 counts per minute classified moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity
Ford 2013	Physical activity levels were quantified using MTI accelerometers (Manufacturing Technologies Inc., Shalimar, FL) using a 1 minute epoch setting
Grydeland 2013	Children wore accelerometers (GT1M/CSA model 7164; ActiGraph, Fort Walton Beach, FL, USA) for 5 consecutive days and were instructed to wear the monitor continuously all awake hours except when doing water activities. Output was sampled every 10 seconds for 2 weekdays and 2 weekend days with valid wear time set at a minimum of 3 days and at least for 8 hours each day
Magnusson 2011	Accelerometers (Actigraph™ GT1M monitors) were worn during waking hours for 7 consecutive days ‐ 5 weekdays and 2 weekend days ‐ at a sampling epoch of 60 seconds. MVPA was defined as activity above 2000 CPM
Okely 2011	Participants wore an Actigraph accelerometer (7164 and GT1M models; Fort Walton Beach, FL) for 7 consecutive days attached to an adjustable elastic belt over the right hip. Data were collected in 30 second epochs. Thirty‐second activity counts were uploaded to determine the amount of time spent in light (LPA; 1.5‐2.9 METs) moderate (MPA; 4‐6.9 METs), and vigorous (VPA; ≥ 7 METs) physical activity
Wilson 2011	Assessments of MVPA were obtained with omni‐directional Actical accelerometers (Mini‐Mitter, Bend, OR) over 7 consecutive days. Data were recorded in 1 minute epochs and were converted into time spent MVPA (3 to 9 METS) based on Actical‐specific activity count thresholds where MVPA = 1500 to 6500 and VPA ≥ 6500
Kriemler 2010	PA was monitored with an accelerometer, which was worn continuously around the hip for 5 weekdays ‐ at baseline and at the end of the intervention
Donnelly 2009	Accelerometers were worn over 4 consecutive days, which included 2 weekdays and 2 weekend days
Peralta 2009	Weekday MVPA (minutes/d). PA was measured over 7 consecutive days using MTI 7164 Actigraph accelerometers worn on belts at the right hip. Average minutes of moderate (MPA), vigorous (VPA), and MVPA were calculated using a composite method
Salmon 2008	PA was assessed using Manufacturing Technology Inc. AM7164‐2.2C accelerometers. Children wore the MTI on a belt positioned over the right hip during waking hours, except when bathing or swimming, for 8 days at each of the 4 measurement points
Webber 2008	MET‐weighted minutes of MVPA using accelerometers worn for 7 consecutive days except while bathing, swimming, or sleeping
Haerens 2006	Children wore the accelerometer for 6 days above the right hip bone, underneath the clothes. Accelerometers were set to measure activity counts in an epoch time of 1 minute. Cut points > 3200 moderate to vigorous minutes were used
Trial ID	Sedentary time
Corepal 2019	ActiGraph GT3X/+ accelerometers were worn for a minimum of 8 hours/d for at least 3 days. Activity counts were recorded using 1 second epochs and reintegrated to 60 second epochs before Evenson cut points were applied
Jago 2019	ActiGraph wGT3X‐BT accelerometers worn for 7 consecutive days. Students who provided ≥ 3 valid days (500 minutes) of data were included in the analysis. Sedentary time was derived based on a cut point < 100 CPM
Lonsdale 2019a	ActiGraph accelerometers attached at the right hip worn for 5 weekdays and 2 weekend days. Accelerometers assessed students’ sedentary behaviour (< 1.67 counts per 1 second) during leisure time
Seljebotn 2019	Actigraph accelerometers were worn on the right hip for 7 days during all waking time. Data were collected in 10 second epochs, and sedentary time was calculated using Evenson cut points
Zhou 2019	Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer was worn on the right hip during waking hours for 7 consecutive days. Data reduction followed procedures developed for Chinese children
Adab 2018	Actiheart accelerometer worn consecutively for 5 days, including a weekend. Sedentary time reported in hours/d
Harrington 2018	A GENEActiv accelerometer was worn 24 hours/d for 7 days on the non‐dominant wrist at all time points. Devices were initialised with a sampling frequency of 100 Hz and were set to start recording at midnight on the first day of data collection and to stop recording at midnight 7 days later. Hildebrand cut points were used to estimate sedentary time
Ten Hoor 2018	Measured using accelerometer (Actigraph GT3x, Actigraph, Pensacola, FL, USA) worn on the lower back for 5 consecutive days during all waking hours. Actilife software (v6.13.3) was used to generate activity counts per minute. Only students who had worn the accelerometer at least 8 hours per day during waking hours (i.e. time awake and time to bed) for a minimum of 3 days were included in the analyses. Sedentary time cut points were determined as proposed by Mattocks and colleagues, and were reported as % of time spent sedentary
Daly 2016	PA was measured by accelerometers (Actigraph GT1M, Pensacola, FL, USA) worn simultaneously, positioned on a belt around the waist. Sedentary activity was defined as < 100 counts per minute
Kocken 2016	Sedentary time was measured using a 1‐dimensional accelerometer; the ActiGraph. Counts per minute were collected every 15 seconds. The Actigraph was worn on the child’s right hip during at least 3 days and the ActiGraph was removed when water was involved and during sleeping time
Resaland 2016	Sedentary time was measured by ActiGraph accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X+, LLC, Pensacola, Florida, USA). Children were instructed to wear the accelerometer on the right hip at all times over 7 consecutive days, except during water‐based activities or while sleeping. Wear time ≥ 480 minutes/d for ≥ 4 days was applied as a criterion for a valid measurement. Periods ≥ 20 minutes of zero counts were defined as non‐wear time. Evenson cut points for sedentary time (0 to 100 counts per minute) were used
Jago 2015	Sedentary time was assessed using an Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer worn for 7 days. A valid day of accelerometer data was defined as a minimum of 500 minutes of data between 05:00 and 11.59 pm. Periods > 60 minutes in which zero values were recorded were interpreted as ‘non‐wear’ time. Sedentary cut points used were not reported
Andrade 2014	Sedentary time was assessed using accelerometers (type GT‐256 and GT1M Actigraph, Florida USA) in a sub‐sample of adolescents selected using a random number. A syntax in Stata was used for data reduction and to compute registered time and time spent in sedentary activity (≤ 100 counts/min). Accelerometers were worn for 5 weekdays and measurements were excluded with less than 540 minutes of registered time per day
Kipping 2014	The ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers were used for 5 days of data collection (3 weekdays and 2 weekend days) during the day (except when bathing, swimming, or participating in contact sports such as karate). Time spent sedentary was time spent in activities between 0 and 100 counts per minute
Toftager 2014	Accelerometers were worn during all waking hours for 7 consecutive days except when doing water activities. Strings of 60 minutes or longer of consecutive zeroes, allowing for 2 epoch periods of non‐zero interruptions, were interpreted to represent non‐wear time. Valid data were at least 3 days with at least 10 hours (600 minutes) of activity per day. Evenson activity cut points were used to calculate sedentary time (> 100 CPM) expressed as minutes per day
Fairclough 2013	Sedentary time was objectively assessed for 7 consecutive days using ActiGraph GT1M accelerometers and 5 second epochs. Sustained 20 minute periods of zero counts were considered non‐wear time. Valid wear time was at least 540 minutes on weekays and 480 minutes on weekend days for a minimum of 3 days. Cut points of 100 counts per minute were classified as sedentary time
Grydeland 2013	Children wore accelerometers (GT1M/CSA model 7164; ActiGraph, Fort Walton Beach, FL, USA) for 5 consecutive days and were instructed to wear the monitor continuously all awake hours except when doing water activities. Output was sampled every 10 seconds for 2 weekdays and 2 weekend days with valid wear time set at a minimum of 3 days and for at least 8 hours each day
Okely 2011	Participants wore an Actigraph accelerometer (7164 and GT1M models; Fort Walton Beach, FL) for 7 consecutive days attached to an adjustable elastic belt over the right hip. Data were collected in 30 second epochs. Thirty second activity counts were uploaded to determine the amount of time spent in sedentary activity
Webber 2008	Minutes of sedentary time using accelerometers worn for 7 consecutive days except while bathing, swimming, or sleeping
Haerens 2006	Children wore the accelerometer for 6 days above the right hip bone, underneath the clothes. Accelerometers were set to measure activity counts in an epoch time of 1 minute. Cut points < 800 were used for sedentary time
Trial ID	Physical fitness
Breheny 2020	British Athletics Linear Track Test, children encouraged to run as far as they could in 2 minutes on a pre‐measured 50 metre linear track
Ketelhut 2020	6‐minute run test
Leahy 2019	20 metre PACER shuttle run test. The last successful stage was recorded and was converted into the number of 20 metre laps
Müller 2019	20 metre shuttle run test, adhering to a standard test protocol. Most schoolchildren wore school or street shoes, and some ran barefoot. The number of fully completed laps was recorded and was converted to VO2max values, according to a standard protocol
Ordóñez Dios 2019	Cardiorespiratory capacity was evaluated using a 1 km test
Seibert 2019	PACER 20 metre shuttle run test, terminated when the participant fails to complete the 20 metre run in the allotted time twice. PACER score expressed in number of laps completed and converted to a z‐score for age and sex
Seljebotn 2019	Aerobic fitness was assessed by the Andersen test, a 10‐minute interval running test. Results are expressed as distance run in 10 minutes on a 20 metre course
Zhou 2019	20 metre shuttle‐run test was used to assess cardiorespiratory fitness
Carlin 2018	Queens College Step Test was used; participants wore a heart rate monitor during the step test, with heart rate recorded at baseline, and at 10 seconds, 15 seconds, and 20 seconds following completion of the step test and was used to estimate VO2max as mL/kg/min
Have 2018	Aerobic fitness was assessed using the Andersen test. Children were instructed to run as far as possible in 10 minutes back and forth between 2 lines 20 metres apart. The test score was total distance in metres run by each child
Pablos 2018	20 metre shuttle‐run test was used to determine the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). Indirect incremental multi‐stage field test over a distance of 20 metres to exhaustion using the pace set by a CD emitting beep signals at preset intervals. The initial speed was set at 8.5 km/hr for the first minute and was increased by 0.5 km/hr each subsequent minute
Robbins 2018	The Progressive Aerobic CV Endurance Run (PACER) test, a 15 or 20 metre shuttle run was used. Participants ran from 1 line to another on a flat surface, according to audio cues, which increase in pace until participants can no longer complete laps in the time allotted. The number of laps completed is converted to estimated VO2 for analysis
Donnelly 2017	The Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) by Leger was used. Participants ran a 20 metre shuttle course with 1 minute stages, paced by an audible beep. The number of laps completed constituted the PACER score
Torbeyns 2017	The 20 metre shuttle run test involved running continuously between 2 points that are 20 metres apart from side to side. These runs are synchronised with a prerecorded CD, which beeps at set intervals. As the test proceeds, intervals between successive beeps decrease, forcing the athlete to increase speed over the course of the test, until it is impossible to keep in sync with the recording (or, on extremely rare occasions, until the athlete completes the test). The recording is structured into 21 ‘levels’, each of which lasts around 62 seconds. The interval of beeps is calculated as requiring speed at the start of 8.5 km/hr, increasing by 0.5 km/hr with each level thereafter. The highest level reached was used as the outcome measure
de Greeff 2016	20 metre shuttle run, cardiorespiratory endurance, in number of completed stages from the EUROFIT fitness battery
Jarani 2016	The Andersen intermittent shuttle run test was used to estimate maximal oxygen uptake. Children had to run as fast as they could to cover the longest possible distance during the 10 minute test run, and this distance was the test result. To estimate child’s VO2max, the equation: VO2max = 18.38 + (0.03301 × distance) – (5.92 × sex) [(boys = 0; girls = 1)] was used
Lau 2016	Assessed using the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run 20 metre shuttle run performance test by Leger. The number of laps completed for all participants was recorded and maximal shuttle run speed was calculated accordingly. Aerobic fitness was estimated using the most current cross‐validated regression model for predicting VO2max
Resaland 2016	Aerobic fitness was measured with an Andersen intermittent practical running field test administered according to standard procedures: Children ran from one end line to another (20 metres apart) in an intermittent to‐and‐fro movement, with 15 second work periods and 15 second breaks (standing still), for a total duration of 10 minutes. We recorded the distance covered as the outcome for the analysis. To enable comparing of aerobic fitness level across studies, VO2peak was calculated using the equation suggested by Aadland
Tarp 2016	Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by the Andersen test, a 10‐minute intermittent running test with total distance in metres used as the test result
Cohen 2015	Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using the Leger 20 metre multi‐stage fitness test. Participants were required to run back and forth between 2 lines over a 20 metre distance within a set time limit. Running speed started at 8.5 km/hr and increased by 0.5 km/hr each minute. The test was completed when a participant failed to reach the line for 2 consecutive shuttles. Scores were recorded as the level and shuttle reached, which was converted to the number of 20 metre laps completed
Madsen 2015	Participants completed the 1 mile run as a measure of cardiorespiratory fitness, with results presented as minutes to completion
Muros 2015	Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was estimated using a 20 metre incremental‐maximum shuttle run field test, employing the equation proposed by Ruiz. The shuttle run test involves running to and from between 2 lines placed 20 metres apart. Participants start at an initial velocity of 8.5 kph and increase their speed by 0.5 kph for every 20 metres covered as indicated by an audio recording played on a validated CD‐ROM. The test concludes when the subject is unable to reach the line on 2 consecutive occasions at the speed demanded by the audio recording
Suchert 2015	The 20 metre shuttle run test (by Leger et al) was used. In this field test, participants run back and forth at a distance of 20 metres in a given time interval indicated by pre‐recorded audio signals. The required running pace starts with 8.0 km/hr and continuously increases by 0.5 km/hr each minute. The test stops either when students abandon by themselves or when they fail to reach the line by the sound for the second time. The total number of completed laps was used for statistical analyses. In addition, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was estimated using the quadratic model by Mahar
Andrade 2014	The EUROFIT test battery was used to assess cardiorespiratory endurance via the 20 metre shuttle run test
Nogueira 2014	The 20 metre shuttle run test (aka, the beep test) was used and VO2max was estimated according to the velocity associated with the level reached by the participant, by using the algorithm VO2max = 31.025 + (3.238 × velocity) − (3.248 × age) + (0.1536 × age × velocity). Participants ran on an indoor surface between 2 points marked on the ground 20 metres apart; once the participant was unable to meet the required speed on successive laps, the level achieved was recorded, and associated velocity was entered into the algorithm along with age
Toftager 2014	Aerobic fitness was measured using the Andersen test (20 metre shuttle run) expressed as metres completed
Fairclough 2013	VO2peak was assessed using an individually calibrated continuous incremental treadmill (H/P/ Cosmos, Traunstein, Germany) test to volitional exhaustion, under ambient conditions, using an online gas analysis system (Jaeger Oxycon Pro; Viasys Healthcare, Warwick, UK)
Aburto 2011	Participants ran around a calibrated track for 9 minutes, and the distance travelled was recorded in metres
Ardoy 2011	A 20 yard or metre shuttle run was used to assess cardiorespiratory fitness
de Heer 2011	The Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) test requires participants to run up and down a 20 metre court. At each side of the court, a beep sounds to signal the student to turn around and run back. The test increases in speed every minute and is completed when a student fails to reach the other side in time for the signal for the second time. Total number of laps completed was reported
Jago 2011	Fitness was assessed by the 20 metre shuttle test (20 metre) using standard procedures by Leger
Jansen 2011	Fitness was measured using the 20 metre shuttle run following the EUROFIT protocol
Magnusson 2011	Cardiorespiratory fitness (W/kg) was measured with a Monark ergometer bike using the study protocol from the European Youth Heart study. This maximal ergometer test is run such that every 3 minutes, the weight on the wheel is increased by 20 to 25 W, depending on the participant’s weight. Each participant keeps a steady pace on the bike until exhaustion, or until he or she can no longer keep a steady pace
Thivel 2011	The 20 metre shuttle run test developed by Léger was used. Children were instructed to run as long as possible between 2 lines 20 metres apart at an increasing speed imposed by emitted tones at intervals. The speed began at 8 km/hr and increased by 0.5 km/hr every minute. As soon as a child was not able to complete a whole stage, the test was stopped; the child’s score corresponded to the last fully completed stage
Kriemler 2010	The Leger 20 metre shuttle run test was used, with results reported as number of laps completed
Walther 2009	All participants underwent a graded treadmill test with spirometry until exhaustion, according to a modified Bruce protocol for children starting at 1.7 mph and 0 degrees
Reed 2008	Leger's 20 metre incremental shuttle run was used, which was designed for children and provides age and sex reference normative data. Children ran 20 metre laps at 8.5 km/hr‐1. Running speed then increased by 0.5 km hr‐1 each minute. Children continued running until they could no longer maintain preset and standardised pace. Total laps were recorded
Wang 2008	Biological measurements were made in a mobile laboratory that was brought to the school sites. Fitness level was assessed by HR at completion of the bench‐stepping test. Low HR at the end of 3 minutes of stepping indicates better CVF
Barbeau 2007	Oxygen consumption (VO₂) was measured using a Sensormedics Vmax 229 cardiopulmonary system (Yorba Linda, CA). The treadmill protocol began with a 4 minute warm‐up at 0% grade and 2.0 mph. The speed was then increased by 0.5 mph every 2 minutes until reaching 3.0 mph, at which time the grade increased to 2% for 2 minutes, then increased an additional 3% every 2 minutes until reaching 20% grade or exhaustion
Bayne‐Smith 2004	Measured fitness level as recovery from Queens College step test. Subjects stepped up and down a step for 3 minutes at 22 steps per minute. HRs were counted for 15 seconds beginning 5 seconds after stepping ended
Trevino 2004	Outcome was measured as physical fitness score using a modified Harvard step test. Baseline HR was recorded. Child then stepped on and off a stool with both feet for 5 minutes. The student was paced at 30 cycles per minute. A physical fitness score was calculated from the total time of exercise (in seconds) multiplied by 100 and was divided by the sum of 3 HR values measured at 0, 1, and 2 minutes after exercise
Burke 1998	Physical fitness was measured by laps completed in the Leger Shuttle Run, in which children ran 20 metre laps in time to a tape recording of beeps at a predetermined pace, continuing until they were unable to keep pace with the recording