Resaland 2016.
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | Study design: cluster‐RCT | |
| Participants |
School inclusion criteria: schools had ≥ 7 pupils in Grade 5 School exclusion criteria: — Student inclusion criteria: children were healthy (with no serious or chronic illness) and able to participate in daily PA and PE. Participants had to be able to complete standard academic performance tests (our primary outcome) Student exclusion criteria: — Setting: school, mix Age group: children Gender distribution: females and males Country/Countries where trial was performed: Norway |
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| Interventions |
Intervention: comprised 3 components aimed at providing children with the opportunity to engage in 165 minutes of PA/week more than the control group
In addition, pupils participated in the curriculum‐prescribed 90 minutes/week of PE and the curriculum‐prescribed 45 minutes/week of PA. Thus, PA (165 minutes/week) and PE or PA (135 minutes/week) components provided children opportunities to engage in school‐based PAs 300 minutes/week. The intervention was designed so activities could be varied and enjoyable for the children. Teachers were encouraged to motivate children during active lessons, to stimulate their positive feelings and attitudes towards PA. The intervention was designed so approximately 25% of daily PA was of vigorous intensity, defined as “children sweating and being out of breath.” Teachers achieved the vigorous‐PA‐intensity component through selecting a variety of high‐intensity activities such as running, relay racing, obstacle courses, and various forms of high‐activity play Comparator: curriculum‐prescribed 90 minutes/week of PE and 45 minutes/week of PA (total 135 minutes/week). It was specified to control schools that they should carry out the amount of PA and PE that they would have done regardless of the study Duration of intervention: 7 months Duration of follow‐up: 7 months Number of schools: 60 Theoretical framework: socioecological conceptual framework |
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| Outcomes | PA duration Sedentary time Fitness Health‐related quality of life |
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| Study registration | NCT02132494 | |
| Publication details |
Language of publication: English Funding: non‐commercial funding (research funding body) Publication status: peer‐reviewed journal |
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| Stated aim for study | "Our primary objective is to investigate the effect of a 1‐year school‐based PA intervention (Active Smarter Kids; ASK) on academic performance on a sample of 10‐year‐old boys and girls attending elementary school in Norway" | |
| Notes | ||
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Quote from publication: a neutral third party (Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway) performed the randomisation |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | Quote from publication: a neutral third party (Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway) performed the randomisation |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | Comment: groups not blinded to intervention |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | High risk | Comment: only data manager and statisticians blinded to group allocation |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Anthropometrics, Fitness | Low risk | Comment: low loss to follow‐up |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Physical activity and sedentary time | Low risk | Comment: low loss to follow‐up |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | Comment: outcomes listed in protocol appear to have been reported |
| Cluster RCT ‐ Recruitment bias | Low risk | Comment: > 97% recruitment |
| Cluster RCT ‐ Baseline imbalance | Low risk | Comment: no differences |
| Cluster RCT ‐ Loss of clusters | High risk | Comment: N = 3 clusters withdrew after randomisation |
| Cluster RCT ‐ Incorrect analysis | Low risk | Quote from publication: "analyses were performed using a mixed‐effect model with school as a random effect" |