Dorgo 2009.
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | Study design: cluster‐RCT | |
| Participants |
School inclusion criteria: — School exclusion criteria: — Student inclusion criteria: high school students enrolled in PE classes at selected high schools Student exclusion criteria: cardiovascular problems, spine deformities, pregnancy Setting: school Age group: adolescents Gender distribution: females and males Country/Countries where trial was performed: USA |
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| Interventions |
Intervention 1: PE programme that used manual resistance training in every session. 80‐minute class sessions 3 times/week, plus a 10‐ to 15‐minute warm‐up segment with light cardiovascular activities and dynamic stretching followed by the manual resistance training‐specific segment of approximately 20 to 30 minutes, conducted and supervised by trained research assistants Intervention 2: manual resistance training PE programme plus a cardiovascular endurance training segment in every session. 80‐minute class sessions, 3 times/week, plus a 20‐ to 30‐minute manual resistance training segment, conducted and supervised by trained research assistants, with an additional 20‐ to 30‐minute period devoted to cardiovascular endurance training. Cardiovascular activities included walking, jogging, step aerobics, and aerobic kickboxing Comparator: a regular PE programme that followed the usual school curriculum. 80‐minute class sessions. 3 times/week. PE classes focused on skill development for various individual PAs (i.e. bowling, badminton, tennis, table tennis, golf, various track and field events) and team PAs (i.e. soccer, basketball, softball or baseball, volleyball, floor hockey), as well as participation in leisure activities (i.e. hiking) and sport tournaments Duration of intervention: 18 weeks Duration of follow‐up: 18 weeks Number of schools: 3 Theoretical framework: — |
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| Outcomes | BMI | |
| Study registration | — | |
| Publication details |
Language of publication: English Funding: non‐commercial funding (National Institutes of Health, National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities through the Hispanic Health Disparities Research Center, and by Grant Number 5G12RR008124 from National Institutes of Health, Research Centers in Minority Institutions) Publication status: peer‐reviewed journal |
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| Stated aim for study | "The purpose of this study was to document the changes in physical fitness scores and body composition measures of adolescents through the application of manual resistance training and cardiovascular endurance training in school‐based PE settings compared with adolescents attending a traditional PE program" | |
| Notes | ||
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Comment: coin flipping [author communication] |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | Comment: all participants were allocated at a single point in time following recruitment, so at time of recruitment, allocation was not known |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Comment: no information given; likely not done |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Comment: no information given; likely not done |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Anthropometrics, Fitness | High risk | Quote from publication: “24 subjects failed to attend the post‐test data collection and were not included in the data analyses” (Dorgo, 2009, p.2291) |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | Comment: no protocol published; cannot assess |
| Cluster RCT ‐ Recruitment bias | Low risk | Comment: baseline data collected before randomisation |
| Cluster RCT ‐ Baseline imbalance | High risk | Comment: baseline differences in some outcomes |
| Cluster RCT ‐ Loss of clusters | High risk | Comment: clusters lost to follow‐up |
| Cluster RCT ‐ Incorrect analysis | High risk | Comment: no indication clustering was accounted for in analysis |