Table 5. Unadjusted prevalence ratio of the underestimation and overestimation of body weight, by sex, according to participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, mental health, family meals, and dietary patterns in adolescents with normal weight of Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), Brazil, 2013–2014.
| Underestimation | Overestimation | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Girls | Boys | Girls | Boys | |||||||||
| PR* | 95% CI | P value | PR* | 95% CI | P value | PR* | 95% CI | P value | PR* | 95% CI | P value | |
| Age group | <0.001a | <0.001a | 0.04a | 0.26 | ||||||||
| 12–14 years | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | ||||
| 15–17 years | 1.25 | 1.13, 1.38 | 1.59 | 1.42, 1.79 | 1.13 | 1.01, 1.29 | 1.13 | 0.92, 1.39 | ||||
| Race/ethnicity | 0.13a | 0.59 | <0.01a | 0.94 | ||||||||
| White | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | ||||
| Black or brown | 1.10 | 0.99, 1.20 | 1.03 | 0.89, 1.18 | 0.84 | 0.76, 0.93 | 0.99 | 0.79, 1.24 | ||||
| Indigenous or Asian | 1.16 | 0.92, 1.47 | 1.15 | 0.88, 1.50 | 0.83 | 0.66, 1.04 | 0.91 | 0.54, 1.53 | ||||
| Macro-region | <0.001a | <0.001a | <0.001a | 0.63 | ||||||||
| North | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | ||||
| Northeast | 0.94 | 0.84, 1.05 | 1.06 | 0.95, 1.16 | 1.03 | 0.92, 1.16 | 0.93 | 0.75, 1.14 | ||||
| Southeast | 0.65 | 0.58, 0.73 | 0.69 | 0.62, 0.78 | 1.28 | 1.12, 1.46 | 1.10 | 0.89, 1.37 | ||||
| South | 0.65 | 0.56, 0.76 | 0.70 | 0.56, 0.87 | 1.56 | 1.38, 1.76 | 1.01 | 0.77, 1.33 | ||||
| Midwest | 0.71 | 0.62, 0.81 | 0.84 | 0.74, 0.96 | 1.40 | 1.27, 1.54 | 1.06 | 0.84, 1.34 | ||||
| Type of school | <0.01a | 0.04a | <0.001a | <0.01a | ||||||||
| Public | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | ||||
| Private | 0.76 | 0.65, 0.89 | 1.14 | 1.00, 1.30 | 1.39 | 1.22, 1.57 | 1.38 | 1.15, 1.65 | ||||
| School area | 0.94 | 0.10a | 0.04a | 0.23 | ||||||||
| Urban | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | ||||
| Rural | 0.99 | 0.76, 1.29 | 0.76 | 0.55, 1.05 | 0.83 | 0.68, 0.99 | 0.84 | 0.62, 1.12 | ||||
| Common mental disease (GHQ12 > = 3) | <0.001a | <0.001a | <0.001a | <0.001a | ||||||||
| No | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | ||||
| Yes | 1.47 | 1.31, 1.66 | 1.42 | 1.20, 1.68 | 1.51 | 1.38, 1.66 | 1.77 | 1.39, 2.27 | ||||
| Screen time > 2 hours/day | <0.001a | 0.55 | 0.08a | 0.02a | ||||||||
| No | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | ||||
| Yes | 1.28 | 1.14, 1.43 | 0.96 | 0.84, 1.10 | 1.12 | 0.98, 1.26 | 1.24 | 1.04, 1.48 | ||||
| Meals with parents almost everyday or everyday | <0.001a | <0.001a | <0.001a | <0.01a | ||||||||
| Lunch and dinner | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | ||||
| Lunch or dinner | 1.22 | 1.04, 1.44 | 1.20 | 1.01, 1.42 | 1.24 | 1.10, 1.39 | 1.43 | 1.12, 1.82 | ||||
| Don’t have these meals with their parents | 1.31 | 1.17, 1.45 | 1.40 | 1.20, 1.59 | 1.27 | 1.16, 1.40 | 1.30 | 1.03, 1.63 | ||||
| “Traditional Brazilian” dietary pattern | 0.02a | 0.62 | <0.001a | <0.01a | ||||||||
| 1st tercile | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | ||||
| 2st tercile | 1.11 | 0.94, 1.32 | 0.97 | 0.82, 1.16 | 0.79 | 0.73, 0.86 | 0.92 | 0.72, 1.17 | ||||
| 3st tercile | 1.22 | 1.05, 1.41 | 1.04 | 0.90, 1.20 | 0.69 | 0.61, 0.77 | 0.70 | 0.56, 0.88 | ||||
| “Processed meat sandwiches and coffee” dietary pattern | 0.12a | 0.02a | <0.01a | 0.44 | ||||||||
| 1st tercile | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | ||||
| 2st tercile | 1.07 | 0.93, 1.22 | 1.00 | 0.86, 1.18 | 0.99 | 0.91, 1.10 | 0.86 | 0.68, 1.09 | ||||
| 3st tercile | 1.14 | 0.99, 1.31 | 1.20 | 1.04, 1.38 | 0.79 | 0.70, 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.69, 1.16 | ||||
| “Ultra-processed and sweet foods” dietary pattern | <0.01a | <0.01a | 0.09a | 0.49 | ||||||||
| 1st tercile | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | ||||
| 2st tercile | 1.06 | 0.91, 1.23 | 1.05 | 0.89, 1.24 | 1.04 | 0.91,1.18 | 1.16 | 0.88, 1.54 | ||||
| 3st tercile | 1.29 | 1.10, 1.51 | 1.31 | 1.12, 1.52 | 0.93 | 0.85, 1.02 | 1.04 | 0.79, 1.37 | ||||
*Prevalence ratio.
† GHQ12: 12- item General Health Questionnaire.
a P-value < 0.20.