Table 4:

The Effect of Social Connectedness on Murder, 1980–1989, Possible Mechanisms

Dependent variable: Number of murders reported to police
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
Log HHI, Southern black migrants	−0.232 (0.063)	−0.249 (0.065)	−0.232 (0.061)	−0.244 (0.064)	−0.243 (0.059)
Log population and log land area	x	x	x	x	x
Log number, Southern black migrants	x	x	x	x	x
1920–1960 covariates	x	x	x	x	x
State-year fixed effects	x	x	x	x	x
Black demographic and economic covariates		x			x
Black homeownership rate			x		x
Share of black households headed by single woman				x	x
Pseudo R2	0.829	0.833	0.829	0.830	0.834
N (city-years)	2,202	2,202	2,202	2,202	2,202
Cities	222	222	222	222	222

Notes: Table displays estimates of equation (1). 1920–1960 covariates are log population, percent black, and log manufacturing employment. Black demographic and economic covariates are percent age 5–17, 18–64, and 65+, percent female, percent with a high school degree, percent with a college degree, and unemployment rate. Standard errors, clustered at the city level, are in parentheses. Sources: Duke SSA/Medicare data, Haines and ICPSR (2010), United States Bureau of the Census (2008), United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation (2005)