Table 6:

The Effect of Social Connectedness on Murder, 1976–2009, By Offender Race, Victim Race, and Circumstance

		Black offenders		Non-black offenders
		Share of all victims (1)	Coefficient on Log HHI, S. black migrants (2)	Share of all victims (3)	Coefficient on Log HHI, S. black migrants (4)
(1)	All victims	0.35	−0.201 (0.065)	0.28	−0.214 (0.077)
(2)	Black victims	0.29	−0.183 (0.070)	0.03	−0.361 (0.130)
(3)	Gang and drug activity	0.03	−0.412 (0.188)	<0.01	−0.917 (0.365)
(4)	Felony	0.03	−0.388 (0.110)	0.01	−0.344 (0.241)
(5)	Argument	0.14	−0.174 (0.085)	0.01	−0.446 (0.123)
(6)	Other	0.05	−0.110 (0.091)	<0.01	−0.062 (0.184)
(7)	Unknown	0.05	−0.076 (0.206)	<0.01	−0.152 (0.222)
(8)	Non−black victims	0.06	−0.301 (0.068)	0.25	−0.192 (0.078)
(9)	Gang and drug activity	0.01	−0.421 (0.214)	0.02	−0.781(0.231)
(10)	Felony	0.02	−0.392 (0.108)	0.04	−0.320 (0.112)
(11)	Argument	0.02	−0.275 (0.097)	0.11	−0.154 (0.105)
(12)	Other	0.01	−0.128 (0.097)	0.06	−0.118 (0.063)
(13)	Unknown	0.01	−0.261 (0.197)	0.03	−0.092 (0.099)

Notes: Table displays estimates of equation (1), using the same specification as Table 2. The dependent variable is the number of murders, by the indicated offender race, victim race, and circumstance. To ensure that all estimates in Table 6 can be interpreted as elasticities of the crime rate, we add log black population to the models in rows 2–7 and constrain the coefficient to equal one. In rows 8–13, we do the same for the log non-black population. We construct an annual black population estimate by combining Census annual population estimates with a linear extrapolation of the African American population share from decennial census data. Standard errors, clustered at the city level, are in parentheses. Sources: Duke SSA/Medicare data, Haines and ICPSR (2010), United States Bureau of the Census (2008), United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation (2006)