Figure 1.

NLRP3 inflammasome activation. (1) K⁺ efflux is sufficient to activate NLRP3. (2) Crystalline or particulate NLRP3 agonists leads to lysosomal rupture after phagocytosis. Then the NLRP3 senses the active enzymes to induce inflammasome assembly in lysosome. (3) Diversified NLRP3 stimuli increases the production of mitochondrial ROS and induces trans-Golgi network (TGN) disassembly into dispersed TGN (dTGN). ROS triggers NLRP3 inflammasome activation, while dTGN acts as scaffold for NLRP3 inflammasome assembly.