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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurochem. 2020 Aug 13;156(6):819–833. doi: 10.1111/jnc.15137

Figure 4. Ablation of GD3 impairs hippocampus-dependent memory.

Figure 4.

(A) Representative heat maps illustrating the time spent in different locations of the arena for open field test. (B) Travel distance and (C) time in center zone showed no alterations in GD3S-KO mice compared with control. (D) Schematic diagram showing the experimental procedure of NOR test. (E) Percentage of exploration time between old and new object locations in the NOR test for WT and GD3S-KO. (F) Upper: Representative tracking plots of WT and GD3S-KO mice on Barnes maze training trials. Lower: Representative heat maps illustrating the time spent in different locations of the arena for Barnes maze tests during the memory phase (escape box removed) in control and GD3S-KO mice. (G) Time spent to find the escape box during the Barnes maze training sessions in both control and GD3S-KO mice. (H) Bar graphs showing the time spent on exploring the correct quadrant in the memory phase of Barnes maze tests. For all behavior test, n = 8 / group. **p < 0.01; n.s., not significant.