Table 1.

Implementation needs

Early implementation (proof of concept)

Widespread use

• Supply of dogs (ideally professionally or privately owned dogs trained on odor) • Veterinarian support for care of dogs • Supply of trainers, equipment • Standards of measurement and safety • Access to diverse samples for research • Funding for research, training, acquiring dogs

• Technical consensus for use case (see below) • Investment case to determine resources required and impact • Supply of dogs and trainer determined to have high likelihood of success for use case – (see below) • Political will (eg, support from government to implement dog detection programs) • Monitoring and evaluation • Funding for all of the above • Veterinary oversight to protect health and well-being of the dogs • Community engagement, education