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. 2021 Apr 21;44(5):1815–1830. doi: 10.1007/s10753-021-01460-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Exo treatment protects cardiomyocytes against OGD-induced damage. a Viability of cardiomyocytes at different time points after OGD treatment determined by the MTT assay; b Apoptosis of cardiomyocytes at different time points after OGD treatment examined by flow cytometry; c Viability of cardiomyocytes after Exo treatment examined by the MTT assay; d Apoptosis of cardiomyocytes after Exo treatment detected by flow cytometry; e Protein levels of apoptosis-related factors (Bax and Bcl-2) and the fibrosis-related factor α-SMA in OGD- and Exo-treated cardiomyocytes quantified by western blot analysis; f Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in OGD- and Exo-treated cardiomyocytes determined using ELISA kits. Data were collected from three experiments and exhibited as mean ± SEM. Differences were analyzed by one-way ANOVA (a–d) or two-way ANOVA (e, f); *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. 0 h; #p < 0.05 vs. control group; &p < 0.05 vs. PBS group.