Table 1.
Body weight, body composition and sleep variables after 8 weeks of time restricted feeding (TRF).
| 4-h TRF (n = 16) | 6-h TRF (n = 19) | Controls (n = 14) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 8 | Changea | Baseline | Week 8 | Changea | Baseline | Week 8 | Changea | |
| Demographics (n) | |||||||||
| Age | 49 ± 2 | 46 ± 3 | 45 ± 2 | ||||||
| Sex (female/male) | 14/2 | 18/1 | 12/2 | ||||||
| Anthropometries | |||||||||
| Body weight (kg) | 101.0 ± 4.8 | 97.1 ± 3.6* | −3.9 ± 0.4 | 99.3 ± 4.6 | 95.9 ± 4.4* | −3.4 ± 0.4 | 92.7 ± 4.5 | 92.9 ± 4.4 | 0.2 ± 0.5 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 48.4 ± 2.8 | 45.6 ± 3.4* | −2.8 ± 0.4 | 47.5 ± 3.4 | 46.1 ± 3.4* | −1.4 ± 0.3 | 42.5 ± 3.3 | 41.9 ± 3.2 | −0.6 ± 0.4 |
| Lean mass (kg) | 52.4 ± 2.3 | 51.6 ± 2.2 | −0.8 ± 0.4 | 50.2 ± 2.6 | 48.7 ± 2.6 | −1.5 ± 0.2 | 47.6 ± 2.8 | 47.3 ± 2.8 | −0.3 ± 0.2 |
| Visceral fat mass (kg) | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | −0.2 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | −0.1 ± 0.1 | l.l ± 0.2 | l.l ± 0.2 | 0 ± 0.1 |
| Compliance with TRF (day/week) | 6.2 ± 0.2 | 6.2 ± 0.1 | |||||||
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 1752 ± 196 | 1224 ± 185* | −528 ± 102 | 1931 ± 222 | 1365 ± 126* | −566 ± 142 | 1638 ± 121 | 1533 ± 125 | −105 ± 52 |
| Steps/day | 7787 ± 859 | 7190 ± 669 | −597 ± 702 | 7312 ± 659 | 7365 ± 778 | 53 ± 457 | 9477 ± 736 | 9836 ± 883 | 359 ± 533 |
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) | |||||||||
| Total PSQI sleep quality score | 5.9 ± 0.7 | 4.8 ± 0.6 | −l.l ± 0.8 | 6.4 ± 0.8 | 5.3 ± 0.9 | −l.l ± 0.5 | 6.7 ± 0.7 | 6.5 ± 0.7 | −0.2 ± 1.1 |
| Wake time (h:min) | 5:40 ± 0:20 | 5:40 ± 0:20 | 0:00 ± 0:20 | 6:30 ± 0:25 | 6:25 ± 0:20 | −0:05 ± 0:25 | 5:35 ± 0:30 | 5:45 ± 0:25 | 0:10 ± 0:25 |
| Bedtime (h:min) | 22:40 ± 0:20 | 22:30 ± 0:20 | −0:10 ± 0:20 | 22:40 ± 0:25 | 22:35 ± 0:30 | −0:05 ± 0:30 | 22:50 ± 0:30 | 22:45 ± 0:30 | −0:05 ± 0:30 |
| Sleep duration (h) | 7.0 ± 0.3 | 7.2 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 7.8 ± 0.3 | 7.8 ± 0.3 | 0 ± 0.2 | 6.8 ± 0.4 | 7.0 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.3 |
| Sleep latency score | 0.67 ± 0.16 | 0.79 ± 0.15 | 0.12 ± 0.18 | 1.00 ± 0.23 | 1.00 ± 0.24 | 0 ± 0.13 | 0.85 ± 0.15 | 0.62 ± 0.21 | −0.23 ±0.17 |
| Insomnia severity index (ISI) | |||||||||
| Total score | 4.4 ± 1.0 | 4.7 ± 0.9 | 0.3 ± 0.9 | 8.3 ± 1.2 | 5.5 ± l.l | −2.8 ± 1.0 | 6.5 ± 1.2 | 6.9 ± 1.5 | 0.4 ± 1.2 |
| Berlin questionnaire | |||||||||
| High risk of obstructive sleep apnea (%)b | 44 | 25 | −19 | 47 | 20 | −27 | 46 | 54 | 8 |
Continuous variables reported as mean ± SEM.
a
Absolute change score from baseline to week 8.
b
Risk of obstructive sleep apnea reported as % occurrences.
No significant differences between groups for any parameter at baseline (ANOVA for continuous variables; McNemar test for categorical variables).
*
Significantly different from control group using repeated measures ANOVA (p < 0.05, group × time interaction).