TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of subjects by quartiles of total red meat consumption in the Golestan Cohort Study
| Quartiles of total red meat consumption1 | P value2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | ||
| Median intake (IQR), grams/day | 4 (3–6) | 10 (8–12) | 18 (15–21) | 34 (28–44) | |
| Participants, n | 206 | 296 | 393 | 445 | |
| NAFLD3, n (%) | 65 (31.5) | 102 (34.4) | 159 (40.1) | 179 (40.2) | 0.07 |
| NAFLD plus elevated ALT3, n (%) | 19 (9.2) | 25 (8.4) | 33 (8.3) | 47 (10.6) | 0.59 |
| Age, years4 | 52.6±6.6 | 53.4±6.9 | 52.2±6.6 | 52.0±6.2 | 0.06 |
| Sex, male (%) | 89 (43.2) | 127 (42.9) | 192 (48.9) | 283 (63.6) | <0.0001 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2)4 | 27.9±4.8 | 28.2±5.2 | 28.2±5.2 | 28.7±5.0 | 0.32 |
| Waist circumference (cm) 4 | 97.6±11.6 | 98.5±12.4 | 98.8±12.3 | 101.1±11.3 | 0.0013 |
| Turkmen ethnicity (%) | 92 (44.7) | 162 (54.7) | 244 (62.1) | 237 (53.3) | 0.0006 |
| No formal education (%) | 107 (15.4) | 142 (48.0) | 146 (37.2) | 114 (25.6) | <0.0001 |
| Physical Activity, highest tertile (%) | 50 (24.9) | 68 (23.3) | 90 (23.7) | 105 (23.9) | 0.56 |
| Wealth score, highest tertile (%) | 112 (54.4) | 189 (63.9) | 275 (70.0) | 341 (76.6) | <0.0001 |
| Current smoker (%) | 15 (7.3) | 29 (9.8) | 46 (11.7) | 72 (16.2) | 0.0002 |
| Current Opium user (%) | 17 (8.3) | 17 (5.7) | 29 (7.4) | 31 (7.0) | 0.73 |
| Ever alcohol drinker (%) | 6 (2.9) | 23 (7.8) | 38 (9.7) | 69 (15.5) | <0.0001 |
| Calorie intake 4 | 1987±519 | 2146±486 | 2260±496 | 2507±559 | <0.0001 |
| Hypertriglyceridemia (%) | 74 (35.9) | 105 (35.5) | 120 (30.5) | 178 (40.0) | 0.04 |
1
Quartiles are based on the Golestan Cohort Study population
2
Kruskal-Wallis Test or Chi square test
3
NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; ALT: alanine transaminase
4
Mean±SD