Fig. 7. Acceleration and energy loss rates as a function of the proton energy for NGC 4579.

The thick-solid, thick-long-dashed, thick-dotted, thick-short-dashed, and thick-dotted-dashed lines are energy loss rates by photomeson production, Bethe-Heitler, synchrotron, pp inelastic collision, and infall processes, respectively. The thin-dotted line indicates the acceleration rate. We use M = 7.2 × 10⁷M_⊙ and $\dot{m}=8.0\times 10^{-3}$ with a parameter set for model A (reference model: see Table 1).