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. 2021 Sep 23;11:18941. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97986-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) Map of Skomer Island indicating the locations of the experiment on the Neck (right) and near to the farmhouse (the Farm, left) using black dots. The area that tourists are not allowed to access is encircled in black (OpenStreetMap, 2020). (B) Spectra of the light sources used in the experiment showing wavelength-dependent intensity of the light source employed depending on the filter in place to produce the light sources required; namely red, green, blue, dimmed white, and bright white. The flux for the torch covered with the red (4.3 W), green (2.0 W), and blue (1.4 W) filter as well as for dimmed white (1.4 W) was of the same order of magnitude, with an average value of (2.7 ± 1.3) W. The flux for the torch without a filter was ten times greater (32 W).