Fig. 5. A two-dimensional physical model of lumen shape.

a Schematic depicting the parameters of a vertex-based model describing lumen shape. b, c Plots of solidity as a function of normalized lumen radius from simulations of a 2D vertex-based model, keeping preferred apical length and k fixed (l_a = 0.6, k = 2.0) while varying luminal pressure (p = 0.0–2.0) (b), and keeping luminal pressure and cell cortical tension fixed (p = 0.0, k = 2.0) while varying preferred apical length (l_a = 0.4–0.6) (c). Below plots, representative outputs of simulations as indicated grown to six cells. d Heatmap of mean solidity for outputs of simulations while varying luminal pressure and preferred apical length. Source data are provided in the Source Data file.