Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Author, year | Population (N) | Age (range) | Gender ratio (M:F) | Pre-diagPTSDa | Intervention | Session number | Control group | PTSD Measure | Self-compassion Measure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Au et al., 2017 | Trauma-exposed adults (N = 10) | (18–32) | 1:8 (1 nonbinary) | N | A brief compassion-based therapy, 6 weeks | 6 | PCL-5 | SCS | |
| Evans et al., 2019 | Veterans (N = 12) | (31–69) | 12:0 | Y | Cognitively-based compassion training (CBCT), 10 weeks | 10 | PCL | ||
| Grodin et al., 2019 | Veterans (N = 22) | 52.6 ± 12.9 | 21:0 | Y | Compassion-focused therapy (CFT), 12 weeks | 12 | PCL-5 | SCS | |
| Held & Owens, 2015 | Homeless male veterans (N = 27) | (33–64) | 27:0 | Y | Self-compassion workbook training, 4 weeks | 4 | Stress inoculation | PCL-S | SCS |
| Held et al., 2018 | Intensive outpatients (N = 19) | (21–54) | 13:6 | Y | Brief self-compassion training (BSCT), 4 weeks | 4 | PCL-5 | SCS | |
| Hwang & Chan, 2019 | College students with racial stress (N = 10) | n/a | 2:7 (1 other) | N | Compassionate meditation program, 8 weeks | 8 | PCL-5 | SCS | |
| Kearney et al., 2013 | Veterans (N = 42) | n/a | 25:17 | Y | Loving-kindness meditation course, 12 weeks | 12 | PSS-1 | SCS | |
| Lang et al., 2019 | Veterans (N = 28) | 49.1 ± 14.5 | 3:1 | Y | Cognitively based compassion training (CBCT), 10 weeks | 10 | Veteran.calm (VC) | CAPS-5 | SCS-SF |
| Lang et al., 2020 | Veterans (N = 31) | 43.9 ± 12.6 | 29:2 | Y | Cognitively based compassion training (CBCT), 10 weeks | 10 | PCL-5 | SCS-SF | |
| Lee et al., 2017 | Survivors of interpersonal violence (N = 63) | (22–56) | 0:58 | Y | Breathing, loving-kindness, and compassion meditation, 6 weeks | 6 | Control condition | MPSS | |
| Mitchell et al., 2018 | Post-partum mothers (N = 262) | (18–44) | 0:262 | N | Brief online self-compassion intervention, 4 weeks | 4 | IES-R | SCS-SF | |
| Valenstein-Mah et al., 2019 | College students with problematic alcohol use (N = 75) | 19.2 ± 1.3 | 23:52 | N | Group loving–kindness meditation, 4 weeks | 4 | Referral to treatment as usual (RTAU) | PCL-5 |
Note. M, male; F, female; PCL-5, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; PCL, PTSD Checklist; PCL-S, PTSD Checklist–Specific Stressor Version; PSS-1, PTSD Symptom Scale Interview; CAPS-5, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5; MPSS, the Modified PTSD Symptom Scale; IES-R, The Impact of Events Scale-Revised; SCS, Self-Compassion Scale; SCS-SF, Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form
aY, participants in the study were previously diagnosed with PTSD; N, participants without a previous diagnosis of PTSD