Table 1.

Evidence for front-loading of stroke recurrence in selected stroke treatment trials, based on intention-to-treat data for the primary trial outcome event definition (MI: myocardial infarction).

Trial	N	Treatments (following load)	Event rates			Fraction in 7 days	Hemorrhage rates
			7 days	30 days	90 days		90 days
CHANCEPrimary outcome: any stroke	2,586	Aspirin 75 mg QD	8.7%	10.2%	11.7%	0.74	0.3%
	2,584	Clopidogrel 75 mg plus aspirin 75 mg QD × 21 days	5.9%	7.3%	8.2%	0.72	0.3%
SOCRATESPrimary outcome: stroke, MI, or death	6,610	Aspirin 100 QD	4.9%	5.8%	7.5%	0.65	0.6%
	6,589	Ticagrelor 90 BID	3.9%	5.2%	6.7%	0.58	0.5%
POINTPrimary outcome: stroke, MI, or vascular death	2,449	Aspirin 50–325 mg QD	4.6%	5.9%	6.5%	0.71	0.4%
	2,432	Clopidogrel 75 mg QD plus aspirin	2.9%	4.1%	5.0%	0.58	0.9%
THALESPrimary outcome: stroke or death	5,493	Aspirin 75–100 mg QD	5.3%	6.6%	(–)	0.80	(0.1% at 30 days)
	5,523	Ticagrelor 90 mg BID plus aspirin	4.2%	5.5%	(–)	0.76	(0.5% at 30 days)
Yaghi et al. (23) (stroke in atrial fibrillation; observational) Primary outcome: stroke, TIA, or arterial embolism	862	DOACs	1.7%	3.1%	4.2%	0.40
	389	Warfarin	3.3%	5.3%	8.0%	0.41

Approximate event recurrence rates are derived from published graphical data and are used to estimate the fraction of events over the entire 90- or 30-day trial duration that occurred within the first 7 days. In each of these studies, ischemic stroke constituted the majority of outcome events.