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. 2021 Sep 10;12:746711. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.746711

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

The antioxidant effects of the five anthraquinones on primary neurons. Primary neurons were incubated with 5 μM Aβ1-42 oligomers and different concentrations of anthraquinones (1, 5 and 10 μM) for 24 h at 37°C, respectively. Untreated primary neurons were the control group, and primary neurons treated with 5 μM Aβ1-42 oligomers alone were the Aβ1-42 group. (A) The chemical structures of rhein, emodin, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion. (B) Quantification of intracellular ROS by the fluorescence intensity of DCF and normalization to the control group (n = 7). (C) Quantification analysis of ΔΨm by the fluorescence intensity of red/green ratio with JC-1 and normalization to the control group (n = 9). Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared with the Aβ1-42 group; ###p < 0.001, compared with the 10 μM rhein group (one-way ANOVA).