FIGURE 3.

Astrocytes mediate futility‐induced passivity in larval zebrafish. (a) In closed loop, the visual feedback is adjusted to the motor activity. In open loop, the visual feedback does not match motor activity. After repeated motor failures, the animals enter a passive motor state. (b) Neuronal and glial Ca²⁺ aligned to passivity onset. (c) Whole‐brain neuronal and glial Ca²⁺ before, during, and after passivity onset. (d) The ablation of astrocytes in the lateral medulla oblongata reduces futility‐induced passivity. Adapted from (Mu et al., 2019), with permission