Table 1.
Platform of COVID-19 Vaccine.
| Platform | Type of candidate vaccine | Developer | Clinical phase trial |
|---|---|---|---|
| DNA | INO-4800+electroporation | Inovio Pharmaceuticals + International Vaccine Institute |
NCT04642638 Phase II/III |
| AG0301-COVID19 | AnGes + Takara Bio + Osaka University |
NCT04655625 Phase II/III |
|
| nCov vaccine | Zydus Cadila | CTRI/2020/07/026352 Phase III |
|
| RNA | ARCT-021 | Arcturus Therapeutics |
NCT04668339 Phase II |
| SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine (ARCoV) | Academy of Military Science (AMS), Walvax Biotechnology and Suzhou Abogen Biosciences |
NCT04847102 Phase III |
|
| mRNA-1273.351. A lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA-based vaccine that encodes for a full-length, prefusion stabilized S protein of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 variant. | Moderna + National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) | EUCTR2021-000930-32 Phase II |
|
| CVnCoV Vaccine | CureVac AG |
NCT04674189 Phase III |
|
| Protein Subunit | Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CHO Cell) | Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical + Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences | ChiCTR2000040153(Phase III |
| VAT00002: SARS-CoV-2 S protein with adjuvant | Sanofi Pasteur + GSK | PACTR202011523101903 Phase III | |
| FINLAY-FR-2 anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (RBD chemically conjugated to tetanus toxoid plus adjuvant) | Instituto Finlay de Vacunas | RPCEC00000354 Phase III | |
| CIGB-66 (RBD+aluminum hydroxide) | Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB) | RPCEC00000359 Phase III |
|
| Non-Replicating Viral Vector | GRAd-COV2 (Replication defective Simian Adenovirus (GRAd) encoding S) | ReiThera + Leukocare + Univercells |
NCT04791423 Phase II/III |
| Replicating Viral Vector | DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT1 (Intranasal flu-based-RBD) | University of Hong Kong, Xiamen University and Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy | Phase II ChiCTR2000039715 |
| Inactivated | SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (vero cells) | Institute of Medical Biology + Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences |
NCT04659239 Phase III |
| QazCovid-in - COVID-19 inactivated vaccine | Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Rep of Kazakhstan |
NCT04691908 Phase III |
|
| Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Vero cell) | Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co |
NCT04852705 Phase III |
|
| VLA2001 | Valneva, National Institute for Health Research, United Kingdom |
NCT04864561 Phase III |
|
| COVID-19 inactivated vaccine | Shifa Pharmed Industrial Co | IRCT20201202049567N3 Phase II/III |
|
| VLP | Coronavirus-Like Particle COVID-19 (CoVLP) | Medicago Inc. |
NCT04636697 Phase II/III |
Platforms being used in development of vaccine against SARS CoV-2; these candidate vaccines are in either preclinical or various clinical phase trial stages and have not yet been licensed or launched by firms (WHO, 2021a).