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. 2021 Sep 10;12:712948. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712948

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Elevated Na+ decreases ROS production, independent of NET formation or p38/MAPK signaling. (A, B) Staining of extracellular myeloperoxidase (MPO) (A) 1 h or (B) 4 h after E. coli-infection of PMN. A representative image out of three independent experiments is displayed. MPO, red; DAPI (DNA), blue. Scale bar: 50 µm. Gray value analysis of MPO positive NETs (means ± s.e.m.; n = 16; each dot represents an individual confocal image from three independent experiments; Student’s t test; n.s., not significant). (C) Representative phospho-p38/MAPK and vinculin immunoblot of PMN 30 min after E. coli infection out of three independent experiments. (D) IL-8 in the supernatant of control and infected PMN under NS or HS conditions ± p38-inhibitor SB203580 (means ± s.e.m.; n = 25-45; Kruskal-Wallis test with subsequent Dunn multiple-comparison test; n.s., not significant; *p < 0.05). (E) Antibacterial activity of PMN 1.5 h after E. coli-infection ± p38 inhibitor SB203580 (means ± s.e.m.; n = 21; Kruskal-Wallis test with subsequent Dunn multiple-comparison test; *p < 0.05). (F) ROS production upon fMLP stimulation; Luminometric ROS detection; time curve and AUC values (means ± s.e.m.; n = 5; Student’s t test; *p < 0.05).