Table 1.
MUC5AC Immunostaining in Human Tumors.
| Tumor entity | n on TMA | MUC5AC immunostaining | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n analyzable | Negative (%) | Weak (%) | Moderate (%) | Strong (%) | Positive (%) | |||
| Tumors of the skin | Pilomatrixoma | 35 | 26 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Basal cell carcinoma | 48 | 47 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Benign nevus | 29 | 22 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin | 50 | 44 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Malignant melanoma | 48 | 44 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Merkel cell carcinoma | 46 | 42 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Tumors of the head and neck | Squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx | 50 | 43 | 95.3 | 0.0 | 4.7 | 0.0 | 4.7 |
| Oral squamous cell carcinoma (floor of the mouth) | 50 | 42 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland | 50 | 42 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Warthin tumor of the parotid gland | 49 | 45 | 91.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 4.4 | 8.9 | |
| Basal cell adenoma of the salivary gland | 15 | 15 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Tumors of the lung, pleura and thymus | Squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung | 250 | 192 | 79.2 | 2.6 | 8.9 | 9.4 | 20.8 |
| Large-cell carcinoma of the lung | 31 | 23 | 87.0 | 13.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 13.0 | |
| Adenocarcinoma of the lung | 250 | 192 | 79.2 | 2.6 | 8.9 | 9.4 | 20.8 | |
| Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma | 6 | 6 | 66.7 | 16.7 | 0.0 | 16.7 | 33.3 | |
| Small-cell carcinoma of the lung | 20 | 17 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Malignant mesothelioma | 39 | 39 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Mesothelioma, other types | 76 | 65 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Thymoma | 29 | 27 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Tumors of the female genital tract | Squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina | 48 | 37 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva | 50 | 33 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix | 50 | 38 | 97.4 | 2.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.6 | |
| Adenocarcinoma of the cervix uteri | 50 | 36 | 69.4 | 13.9 | 2.8 | 13.9 | 30.6 | |
| Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma | 236 | 210 | 69.0 | 11.9 | 14.3 | 4.8 | 31.0 | |
| Endometrial serous carcinoma | 82 | 58 | 89.7 | 8.6 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 10.3 | |
| Endometrial MMMT | 28 | 24 | 91.7 | 4.2 | 0.0 | 4.2 | 8.3 | |
| Endometrial carcinoma, low differentiated G3 | 13 | 11 | 90.9 | 9.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 9.1 | |
| Endometrial clear cell carcinoma | 8 | 4 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Endometrial stromal sarcoma | 12 | 12 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary | 37 | 26 | 96.2 | 3.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.8 | |
| Serous carcinoma of the ovary | 50 | 41 | 97.6 | 0.0 | 2.4 | 0.0 | 2.4 | |
| Mucinous carcinoma of the ovary | 26 | 22 | 54.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 36.4 | 45.5 | |
| Brenner tumor | 9 | 7 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Tumors of the breast | Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type | 1311 | 854 | 97.7 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 0.1 | 2.3 |
| Lobular carcinoma of the breast | 214 | 131 | 99.2 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.8 | |
| Medullary carcinoma of the breast | 26 | 22 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Tubular carcinoma of the breast | 27 | 15 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Mucinous carcinoma of the breast | 58 | 39 | 97.4 | 0.0 | 2.6 | 0.0 | 2.6 | |
| Phyllodes tumor of the breast | 50 | 36 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Tumors of the digestive system | Adenomatous polyp, low-grade dysplasia | 50 | 22 | 36.4 | 18.2 | 13.6 | 31.8 | 63.6 |
| Adenomatous polyp, high-grade dysplasia | 50 | 30 | 40.0 | 16.7 | 10.0 | 33.3 | 60.0 | |
| Adenocarcinoma of the colon | 50 | 36 | 83.3 | 0.0 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 16.7 | |
| Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine | 10 | 6 | 66.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 33.3 | 33.3 | |
| Gastric adenocarcinoma, diffuse type | 146 | 113 | 55.8 | 8.0 | 8.8 | 27.4 | 44.2 | |
| Gastric adenocarcinoma, intestinal type | 144 | 115 | 60.9 | 16.5 | 5.2 | 17.4 | 39.1 | |
| Gastric adenocarcinoma, mixed type | 62 | 54 | 64.8 | 9.3 | 5.6 | 20.4 | 35.2 | |
| Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus | 50 | 39 | 28.2 | 23.1 | 17.9 | 30.8 | 71.8 | |
| Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus | 49 | 31 | 96.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.2 | 3.2 | |
| Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal | 50 | 26 | 92.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 7.7 | 7.7 | |
| Cholangiocarcinoma | 120 | 100 | 79.0 | 1.0 | 7.0 | 13.0 | 21.0 | |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | 50 | 48 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas | 50 | 33 | 36.4 | 24.2 | 6.1 | 33.3 | 63.6 | |
| Pancreatic/Ampullary adenocarcinoma | 30 | 17 | 58.8 | 11.8 | 5.9 | 23.5 | 41.2 | |
| GIST | 50 | 34 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Tumors of the urinary system | Noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma, pTa G2 low grade | 177 | 177 | 94.9 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 5.1 |
| Noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma, pTa G2 high grade | 141 | 141 | 91.5 | 3.5 | 4.3 | 0.7 | 8.5 | |
| Noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma, pTa G3 | 187 | 187 | 92.5 | 2.1 | 5.3 | 0.0 | 7.5 | |
| Urothelial carcinoma, pT2 to 4 G3 | 940 | 727 | 93.9 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 0.8 | 6.1 | |
| Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder | 18 | 18 | 88.9 | 0.0 | 11.1 | 0.0 | 11.1 | |
| Sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma | 25 | 25 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Clear cell renal cell carcinoma | 858 | 507 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Papillary renal cell carcinoma | 255 | 152 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Clear cell (tubulo) papillary renal cell carcinoma | 21 | 10 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma | 131 | 94 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Oncocytoma | 177 | 109 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Tumors of the male genital organs | Adenocarcinoma of the prostate | 49 | 46 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Adenocarcinoma of the prostate (recurrence) | 330 | 182 | 97.8 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 2.2 | |
| Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate | 17 | 14 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Seminoma | 50 | 50 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Embryonal carcinoma of the testis | 50 | 44 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Yolk sack tumor | 50 | 35 | 94.3 | 0.0 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 5.7 | |
| Teratoma | 50 | 24 | 95.8 | 4.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.2 | |
| Tumors of endocrine organs | Adenoma of the thyroid gland | 114 | 106 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Papillary thyroid carcinoma | 392 | 359 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Follicular thyroid carcinoma | 158 | 148 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Medullary thyroid carcinoma | 107 | 83 | 98.8 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 1.2 | |
| Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma | 45 | 37 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Adrenal cortical adenoma | 50 | 49 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Adrenal cortical carcinoma | 26 | 14 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Phaeochromocytoma | 50 | 40 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Appendix, NET | 22 | 16 | 93.8 | 0.0 | 6.3 | 0.0 | 6.3 | |
| Ileum, NET | 49 | 49 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Lung, NET | 19 | 19 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Pancreas, NET | 102 | 85 | 96.5 | 0.0 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 3.5 | |
| Colorectal, NET | 10 | 10 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| gallbladder, NET | 4 | 4 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Pancreas, NEC | 13 | 11 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Colorectal, NEC | 11 | 11 | 90.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 9.1 | 9.1 | |
| Tumors of haemotopoetic and lymphoid tissues | Hodgkin lymphoma | 45 | 43 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 48 | 41 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Tumors of soft tissue and bone | Tenosynovial giant cell tumor | 45 | 43 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Leiomyoma | 50 | 44 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Leiomyosarcoma | 87 | 83 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Liposarcoma | 132 | 117 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Angiosarcoma | 73 | 64 | 98.4 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 1.6 | |
| Angiomyolipoma | 91 | 91 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans | 21 | 21 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Ganglioneuroma | 14 | 14 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Granular cell tumor | 53 | 48 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Kaposi sarcoma | 8 | 8 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| MPNST | 13 | 13 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Myofibrosarcoma | 26 | 26 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Neurofibroma | 117 | 117 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Sarcoma, NOS | 75 | 75 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Paraganglioma | 41 | 41 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| PNET | 23 | 23 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma | 7 | 7 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Schwannoma | 121 | 121 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Synovial sarcoma | 12 | 12 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Osteosarcoma | 43 | 27 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Osteosarcoma | 39 | 33 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
Abbreviations: MUC5AC, mucin 5AC; MMMT, malignant mixed Müllerian tumor; GIST, gastrointestinal stromal tumor; NET, neuroendocrine tumor; NEC, neuroendocrine carcinoma; MPNST, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor; NOS, not otherwise specified; PNET, primitive neuroectodermal tumor.