Table 1.
Demographic and clinical variables of subjects (n = 312).
| APS (151) | SLE (71) | Healthy controls (90) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary (100) | Secondary (51) | |||
| Gender (female/male) | 63/37 | 45/6 | 61/10 | 41/49 |
| Mean age (years ± SD) | 36.3 ± 12.1 | 32.9 ± 10.2 | 30.1 ± 8.2 | 43.4 ± 12.2 |
| Clinical manifestations | ||||
| Thrombosis, n (%) | 80 (80.0%) | 38 (74.5%) | 0 | NA |
| Pregnancy morbidity, n (%) | 33 (52.4%) | 16 (35.6%) | 0 | NA |
| Thrombosis + pregnancy morbidity, n (%) | 13 (20.6%) | 3 (6.7%) | 0 | NA |
| LA, n (%) | 73 (73.0%) | 44 (86.3%) | 17 (23.9%) | NA |
| History of arterial thrombosis, n (%) | 43 (43.0%) | 21 (41.2%) | 0 | NA |
| Stroke, n (%) | 15 (15.0%) | 4 (7.8%) | 0 | NA |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 5 (5.0%) | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Eye involvement, n (%) | 3 (3.0%) | 1 (2.0%) | ||
| Lower limb artery occlusion, n (%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0 | 0 | NA |
| History of venous thrombosis, n (%) | 47 (47.0%) | 24 (47.1%) | 0 | NA |
| Deep vein thrombosis, n (%) | 19 (19.0%) | 7 (13.7%) | 0 | NA |
| Pulmonary embolism, n (%) | 19 (19.0%) | 2 (3.9%) | 0 | NA |
| Upper limb vein thrombosis, n (%) | 0 | 1 (2.0%) | 0 | NA |
| Renal vein thrombosis, n (%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Portal vein thrombosis, n (%) | 4 (4.0%) | 1 (2.0%) | 0 | NA |
| Cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis, n (%) | 3 (3.0%) | 1 (2.0%) | 0 | NA |
| Central retinal venous occlusion, n (%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Microangiopathy, n (%) | 11 (11.0%) | 13 (25.5%) | 0 | NA |
| Non-stroke CNS manifestations, n (%) | 4 (4.0%) | 4 (7.8%) | 0 | NA |
| Heart valve disease, n (%) | 0 | 6 (11.8%) | 0 | NA |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome nephropathy, n (%) | 6 (6.0%) | 2 (3.8%) | 0 | NA |
| Hemolytic uremic syndrome, n (%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Thrombotic microangiopathy, n (%) | 0 | 1 (2.0%) | 0 | NA |
| Hematological disorder, n (%) | 39 (39.0%) | 33 (64.7%) | 0 | NA |
| Thrombocytopenia, n (%) | 38 (38%) | *28 (54.9%) | 21 (29.6%) | NA |
| Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, n (%) | 1 (1.0%) | 5 (9.8%) | 0 | NA |
| History of adverse pregnancy, n (%) | 37 (58.7%) | 20 (44.4%) | 4 (5.6%) | NA |
| Early fetal loss (<10 weeks), n (%) | 12 (19.0%) | 8 (17.8%) | 4 (5.6%) | NA |
| Late fetal loss (10–28 weeks), n (%) | 19 (30.2%) | 12 (26.7%) | 0 | NA |
| Recurrent fetal loss (>1 time), n (%) | 11 (17.5%) | 5 (11.1%) | 2 (3.3%) | NA |
| Placental insufficiency, n (%) | 14 (22.2%) | 7 (15.6%) | 0 | NA |
*p = 0.048, significantly different from primary APS; NA, not available.