Table 2.

Results of multivariable Cox regression of overall survival in selected cohort of patients from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) with stage III or IV (M0) hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma including propensity score adjustment.

	Overall Survival
	HR	95% CI	P-Value
Age	1.02	1.02 to 1.03	<0.001
Gender
Female	1	(Reference)
Male	0.96	0.88 to 1.05	0.396
Race
Non-Hispanic, White	1	(Reference)
Non-Hispanic, Black	1.13	1.03 to 1.23	0.012
Non-Hispanic, Other	0.85	0.68 to 1.06	0.145
Hispanic, all Races	0.97	0.82 to 1.14	0.694
Insurance
Private Insurance/Medicare	1	(Reference)
Uninsured	1.36	1.19 to 1.56	<0.001
Medicaid	1.45	1.32 to 1.60	<0.001
Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Score
0	1	(Reference)
1	1.13	1.04 to 1.24	0.005
2	1.17	0.99 to 1.37	0.063
>3	1.45	1.11 to 1.89	0.006
Year of Diagnosis
2004	1	(Reference)
2005	0.84	0.72 to 0.99	0.034
2006	0.86	0.74 to 1.01	0.065
2007	0.86	0.73 to 1.01	0.058
2008	0.88	0.76 to 1.03	0.110
2009	0.85	0.72 to 0.99	0.034
2010	0.90	0.77 to 1.05	0.182
2011	0.77	0.66 to 0.91	0.002
2012	0.75	0.64 to 0.88	<0.001
2013	0.68	0.58 to 0.80	<0.001
2014	0.73	0.61 to 0.86	<0.001
2015	0.66	0.55 to 0.80	<0.001
Treatment Delay*	1.09	0.99 to 1.19	0.065
N Stage
N0	1	(Reference)
N1	0.95	0.84 to 1.07	0.401
N2	1.13	1.02 to 1.25	0.016
N3	1.67	1.44 to 1.94	<0.001
Propensity Score†	7.91	4.86 to 12.86	<0.001
Treatment‡
CRT	1	(Reference)
S+Adj	0.72	0.64 to 0.80	<0.001

^*Delay in treatment was defined as 60 days or longer from diagnosis to treatment based on the results published by Liao et al. 2019.

^†Propensity score included adjustments for facility type, geographic region, treatment at multiple locations, histology, and T stage.

^‡Subjects were included in the chemotherapy and radiation group (CRT) if they had received primary radiation and chemotherapy. Subjects were included in the surgery with adjuvant therapy group (S+Adj) if they received primary surgery with either adjuvant radiation or adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy.