Figure 13.

Electrostatic interactions allow the alignment of positively charged monomers and polymers along the DNA backbone. (A) Complexes of DNA with two polycation chains for DNA–PEI, DNA–PLL, DNA–PVA, and DNA–PAA systems.¹⁴¹ Reproduced with permission from ref (141). Copyright 2018 Elsevier Ltd. (B) The electrostatic alignment of aline-monomers on DNA, either in solution or on Si substrates, and subsequent oxidation leads to the formation of poly(aniline) structures along the DNA template. Oxidation can be induced enzymatically (HRP), via photo-oxidation of Ru complexes or by using oxidants (APS). (C) AFM images of the polymerization process could reveal four distinct stages in the formation and growth of poly(pyrrole).¹⁴⁹ Reproduced with permission from ref (149). Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society.