Table 1.
Study | Year | Normal (n) | PD (n) | Caudate Dopamine | Putamen Dopamine | SN Cell Bodies | Caudate VMAT2 | Putamen VMAT2 | Vesicular Uptake | Axon Number |
Ehringer [19] | 1960* | 12 | 2 | x | x | |||||
Bernheimer [20] | 1963 | 3 | 6 | x | x | |||||
Bernheimer [20] | 1965 | 6 | 7 | x | x | |||||
Kish [33] | 1988 | 10 | 8 | x | x | |||||
Rajput [22] | 2008 | 5 | 8 | x | x | |||||
Pakkenberg [23] | 1965 | 10 | 10 | x† | ||||||
McGeer [14] | 1977 | 5 | 4 | x‡ | ||||||
Hirsch [24] | 1988 | 3 | 4 | x‡ | ||||||
German [25] | 1989 | 3 | 4 | x† | ||||||
Rinne [15] | 1989 | 18 | 12 | x† | ||||||
Pakkenberg [26] | 1991 | 2 | 5 | x† | ||||||
Fearnley [27] | 1991 | 35 | 20 | x† | ||||||
Ma [28] | 1997 | 12 | 12 | x† | ||||||
Damier [29] | 1999 | 5 | 5 | x‡ | ||||||
Dickson [30] | 2008 | 17 | 16 | x‡ | ||||||
Kordower [16] | 2013 | 9 | 28 | x†‡ | x | |||||
Iacono [34] | 2015 | 6 | 6 | x‡ | ||||||
Wilson [31] | 1996 | 10 | 12 | x | x | x | ||||
Miller [32] | 1999 | 2 | 4 | x | x | |||||
Pifl [7] | 2014 | 4 | 6 | x | x | x | x | |||
Goldstein [8] | 2013 | 14 | 17 | x | x | x |
*This paper was republished in 1998 in English, †assessed by number of melanin positive cells, ‡assessed by number of tyrosine hydroxylase positive cells, PD, Parkinson’s disease; SN, substantia nigra; VMAT2, vesicular monoamine transporter 2.