Fig. 2.
Neurological and immunological IL-1 effects converge to influence neuronal survival. IL-1R1 can directly influence neuronal viability via decreasing neurotrophic factors, increasing membrane-bound neurotransmitter receptor and increasing inflammatory signaling. The decreased neuronal viability is coupled with increased release of neurotoxic inflammatory factors from non-neuronal cells, such as leukocytes, astrocytes and endothelia.