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. 2021 Sep 10;12:730346. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730346

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Small molecule mast cell activators provide nasal adjuvant activity when co-administered with WNV EDIII and enhance survival after the WNV challenge. Female BALB/c mice were nasally immunized with EDIII alone (n=12) or combined with R529877 (n=12), ST101036 (n=9), ST048871 (n=11), ST027688 (n=12), M7 (n=12), or MPL (n=13). Vaccines were administered on days 0, 7, and 21 with antigen combined with adjuvant and again on day 35 with antigen only. Serum collected after three and four vaccine doses was measured for EDIII-specific IgG (A). One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons was used to determine if any vaccine formulation statistically increased EDIII-specific antibody responses compared to the other vaccines tested. The numbers above each bar indicate a statistical increase in antibody response compared to the corresponding vaccine group. Antibody titer bars represent the geometric mean titer + geometric SD. After immunization, mice were infected ***p < 0.001 compared to mice immunized with EDIII alone. with WNV and monitored for survival for 14 days after infection (B).