Figure 2.

Development of biosensors for ligand detection. (a) Ligands and vector systems to link gIII expression and the presence of small-molecule substrates. (b) Luciferase output of ligand-dependent biosensors. E. coli expressing plasmids shown in part a were incubated in the absence or presence of a small molecule for 3 h and then analyzed for luminescence. (c) Phage replication of ligand-dependent biosensors. E. coli expressing plasmids shown in part a were incubated in the absence or presence of ligand and phage for 6 h. Phage cultures were then collected and analyzed for phage replication. Error bars are the standard deviation: (b) n = 4 replicates and (c) n = 3 replicates.