Table 1.

Influence of mother, infant and other breastfeeding related characteristics on EBF practice (n = 476)

Risk factors	Total		EBF		Non-EBF		X2	dfa	P-valueb
	N	%	n	%	n	%
Maternal characteristics
Age:
< 35	380	79.83	147	83.52	233	77.67	2.36	1	0.12
> = 35	96	20.17	29	16.48	67	22.33
Ethnicity:
Others	207	43.49	80	45.45	127	42.33	0.44	1	0.51
Han	269	56.51	96	54.55	173	57.67
Education level:
High school or below	166	34.87	43	24.43	123	41.00	13.41	1	0.00
College or above	310	65.13	133	75.57	177	59.00
Formal employment:
No	224	47.06	73	41.48	151	50.33	3.49	1	0.06
Yes	252	52.94	103	58.52	149	49.67
Child characteristics
Age in months:							23.72	1	0.00
0	62	13.03	35	19.89	27	9.00
1	106	22.27	42	23.86	64	21.33
2	82	17.23	39	22.16	43	14.33
3	107	22.48	33	18.75	74	24.67
4	64	13.45	19	10.80	45	15.00
5	55	11.55	8	4.55	47	15.67
Gender:
female	213	44.75	82	46.59	131	43.67	0.38	1	0.54
male	263	55.25	94	53.41	169	56.33
Have older siblings:
No	230	48.32	87	49.43	143	47.67	0.14	1	0.71
Yes	246	51.68	89	50.57	157	52.33
Premature birth:
No	432	90.76	171	97.16	261	87.00	2.90	1	0.00
Yes	44	9.24	5	2.84	39	13.00
Low birthweight:
No	437	91.81	168	95.45	269	89.67	13.65	1	0.03
Yes	39	8.19	8	4.55	31	10.33
Health facility practice
Caesarean delivery:
No	332	69.75	131	74.43	201	67.00	4.94	1	0.09
Yes	144	30.25	45	25.57	99	33.00
Early initiation of breastfeeding:
No	254	53.36	70	39.77	184	61.33	20.72	1	0.00
Yes	222	46.64	106	60.23	116	38.67
Exposure to breastmilk substitutes
Prepared for infant formula before childbirth:
No	85	17.86	48	27.27	37	12.33	16.88	1	0.00
Yes	391	82.14	128	72.73	263	87.67
Breastfeeding experience
Any breastfeeding difficulties in postnatal period:
No	228	47.90	99	56.25	129	43.00	7.80	1	0.01
Yes	248	52.10	77	43.75	171	57.00
Breastfeeding self-efficacy score:
< =55	301	63.24	98	55.68	203	67.67	6.85	1	0.01
> =56	175	36.76	78	44.32	97	32.33
Length of maternity leave:
0–98 days	261	54.83	85	48.30	176	58.67	4.82	1	0.03
> 98 days	215	45.17	91	51.70	124	41.33

^a Degree of freedom. ^bP-value was based on chi-square test