Table 3.
Risk factors of 0–5-month-old infants who practiced EBF by subgroups
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–2 months | 3–5 months | |||||||
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||
| Variable | ORa | 95%CIb | ORc | 95%CI | ORa | 95%CIb | ORc | 95%CI |
| Maternal characteristics | ||||||||
| Age: | ||||||||
| < 35 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| > = 35 | 0.77 | (0.42–1.39) | 0.69 | (0.34–1.42) | 0.37* | (0.14–0.99) | 0.49 | (0.16–1.47) |
| Ethnicity: | ||||||||
| Others | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Han | 0.80 | (0.49–1.33) | 0.76 | (0.44–1.32) | 0.96 | (0.53–1.74) | 0.90 | (0.46–1.77) |
| Education level: | ||||||||
| High school or below | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| College or above | 2.00* | (1.18–3.41) | 2.04* | (1.00–4.15) | 2.87** | (1.39–5.92) | 2.24 | (0.89–5.64) |
| Formal employment: | ||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 1.38 | (0.84–2.29) | 1.45 | (0.54–3.86) | 1.41 | (0.78–2.55) | 0.85 | (0.21–3.40) |
| Child characteristics | ||||||||
| Gender: | ||||||||
| female | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| male | 1.20 | (0.73–1.98) | 1.15 | (0.66–1.98) | 0.62 | (0.34–1.12) | 0.65 | (0.32–1.28) |
| Have older siblings: | ||||||||
| No | ||||||||
| Yes | 1.04 | (0.63–1.72) | 0.97 | (0.54–1.72) | 0.61 | (0.33–1.11) | 0.73 | (0.35–1.51) |
| Premature birth: | ||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 0.44 | (0.14–1.45) | 0.75 | (0.20–2.82) | 0.08* | (0.01–0.60) | 0.06* | (0.01–0.66) |
| Low birthweight: | ||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 0.37 | (0.10–1.40) | 0.50 | (0.11–2.18) | 0.60 | (0.21–1.65) | 1.29 | (0.31–5.48) |
| Health facility practice | ||||||||
| Caesarean delivery: | ||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 0.72 | (0.41–1.27) | 1.31 | (0.65–2.62) | 0.74 | (0.39–1.40) | 1.94 | (0.82–4.62) |
| Early initiation of breastfeeding: | ||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 2.07** | (1.25–3.43) | 1.95* | (1.08–3.54) | 2.61** | (1.42–4.77) | 2.26* | (1.02–5.00) |
| Exposure to breastmilk substitutes | ||||||||
| Prepared for infant formula before childbirth: | ||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 0.37** | (0.19–0.72) | 0.34** | (0.16–0.72) | 0.37** | (0.18–0.76) | 0.24** | (0.09–0.61) |
| Breastfeeding experience | ||||||||
| Any breastfeeding difficulties postpartum: | ||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 0.63 | (0.38–1.04) | 0.64 | (0.37–1.12) | 0.59 | (0.33–1.07) | 0.77 | (0.39–1.52) |
| Breastfeeding self-efficacy score: | ||||||||
| < =55 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| > =56 | 1.50 | (0.89–2.50) | 1.86* | (1.05–3.30) | 1.99* | (1.09–3.64) | 2.00 | (0.99–4.04) |
| Length of maternity leave: | ||||||||
| 0–98 days | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| > 98 days | 1.45 | (0.88–2.39) | 0.83 | (0.32–2.17) | 1.58 | (0.87–2.86) | 1.20 | (0.31–4.59) |
a Odds Ratio (OR). b Confidence interval (CI). *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05. c Adjusted for all the variables in Table 1