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. 2021 Sep 23;21:509. doi: 10.1186/s12935-021-02212-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Expression of MDK in GBM as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. A The expression of MDK in healthy brain is lower than in GBM samples in GSE50161. B The expression of MDK in normal control samples (n = 207) is lower than in GBM samples (n = 163) in the TCGA and GTEx datasets. * p < 0.05. C The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of MDK as a biomarker of GBM in GSE50161. D Representative images of immunohistochemical staining in tumor sections of patients with GBM. MDK showed high and low expression in GBM tissues from different patients. Immunoglobulin (IgG) was used as a negative control. E Kaplan–Meier curves of overall survival for 43 GBM patients, divided by MDK expression. F Kaplan–Meier curves of overall survival for GBM patients in the CGGA database, stratified by MDK expression. MDK: midkine; GBM: glioblastoma; TCGA: The Cancer Genome Atlas; GTEx: Genotype‑Tissue Expression; CGGA: Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas; IB: Immunoblotting