Table 2.
Univariate analyses of variables associated with the magnitude of surgery-related trauma
| Variable | Total patients (n = 136) | Group 1 (n = 61) | Group 2 (n = 75) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics of the patients | ||||
| Sex (male), n (%) | 97 (71.3) | 47 (77.0) | 50 (66.7) | 0.183 |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 45.6 ± 10.8 | 43.9 ± 10.7 | 47.1 ± 10.8 | 0.090 |
| BMI (Kg/m^2), mean ± SD | 26.2 ± 3.3 | 26.4 ± 3.2 | 26.0 ± 3.5 | 0.508 |
| Tobacco consumption (yes), n (%) | 31 (22.8) | 17 (27.9) | 14 (18.7) | 0.203 |
| Alcohol consumption (yes), n (%) | 29 (21.3) | 15 (24.6) | 14 (18.7) | 0.402 |
| Hypertension (yes), n (%) | 24 (17.6) | 11 (18.0) | 13 (17.3) | 0.915 |
| Diabetes (yes), n (%) | 11 (8.1) | 6 (9.8) | 5 (6.7) | 0.500 |
|
Living area, n (%) Rural Urban |
87 (64.0) 49 (36.0) |
35 (57.4) 26 (42.6) |
52 (69.3) 23 (30.7) |
0.149 |
| Injury mechanisms (high energy), n (%) | 111 (81.6) | 48 (78.7) | 63 (84.0) | 0.426 |
|
Schatzker classification, n (%) Type V Type VI |
68 (50.0) 68 (50.0) |
29 (47.5) 32 (52.5) |
39 (52.0) 36 (48.0) |
0.605 |
|
Preoperative stay (days), n (%) 0–9 cutoff ≥ 10 |
106 (77.9) 30 (22.1) |
51 (83.6) 10 (16.4) |
55 (73.3) 20 (26.7) |
0.151 |
| Preoperative hematologic indicators | ||||
| Neutrophil count (> 6.30 × 10^9/L, reference), n (%) | 77 (56.6) | 35 (57.4) | 42 (56.0) | 0.872 |
| Lymphocyte count (< 1.10 × 10^9/L, reference), n (%) | 28 (20.1) | 9 (14.7) | 19 (25.3) | 0.129 |
|
PLT count (× 10^9/L), n (%) 125–350 reference < 125 > 350 |
127 (93.4) 5 (3.7) 4 (2.9) |
58 (95.1) 2 (3.3) 1 (1.6) |
69 (92.0) 3 (4.0) 3 (4.0) |
0.698 |
| AST/ALT (> 1, reference), n (%) | 67 (49.3) | 31 (50.8) | 36 (48.0) | 0.744 |
| WBC (> 10 × 10^9/L, reference), n (%) | 44 (32.4) | 17 (27.9) | 27 (36.0) | 0.313 |
| NLR (> 5.9, cutoff), n (%) | 45 (33.1) | 16 (26.2) | 29 (38.7) | 0.125 |
| PLR (> 137.5, cutoff), n (%) | 68 (50.0) | 28 (45.9) | 40 (53.3) | 0.389 |
|
ASA class, n (%) I II III or above |
13 (9.6) 110 (80.8) 13 (9.6) |
7 (11.5) 51 (83.6) 3 (4.9) |
6 (8.0) 59 (78.7) 10 (13.3) |
0.221 |
| RBC (< lower limit × 10^12/L, reference), n (%) | 53 (39.0) | 22 (36.1) | 31 (41.3) | 0.531 |
| HGB (< lower limit × g/L, reference), n (%) | 78 (57.4) | 31 (50.8) | 47 (62.7) | 0.165 |
| ALB (< 40 g/L, reference), n (%) | 49 (36.0) | 20 (32.8) | 29 (38.7) | 0.477 |
| HCRP (> 16.1 mg/L, cutoff), n (%) | 82 (60.3) | 35 (57.4) | 47 (62.7) | 0.531 |
| Intraoperative indexes | ||||
|
Anesthetization, n (%) General Intraspinal |
87 (64.0) 49 (36.0) |
44 (68.9) 17 (31.1) |
45 (60.0) 30 (40.0) |
0.285 |
| Bone grafting (yes), n (%) | 62 (45.6) | 31 (50.8) | 31 (41.3) | 0.269 |
|
Operative time (minutes), n (%) 0-130 cutoff > 130 |
61 (44.9) 75 (55.1) |
45 (73.8) 16 (26.2) |
16 (21.3) 59 (78.7) |
< 0.001 |
| Intraoperative tourniquet use (yes), n (%) | 78 (57.4) | 28 (45.9) | 50 (66.7) | 0.015 |
| Intraoperative blood loss (> 330ml, cutoff), n (%) | 54 (39.7) | 13 (21.3) | 41 (54.7) | < 0.001 |
|
Length of incision (cm), n (%) 0–19 cutoff > 19.0 |
64 (47.1) 72 (52.9) |
50 (82.0) 11 (18.0) |
14 (18.7) 61 (81.3) |
< 0.001 |
| Hematologic indexes of the postoperative 1st day | ||||
| Neutrophil count (> 6.30 × 10^9/L, reference), n (%) | 119 (87.5) | 50 (82.0) | 69 (92.0) | 0.078 |
| Lymphocyte count (< 1.10 × 10^9/L, reference), n (%) | 72 (52.9) | 27 (44.3) | 45 (60.0) | 0.067 |
|
PLT count (× 10^9/L), n (%) 125–350 reference < 125 > 350 |
105 (77.2) 5 (3.7) 26 (19.1) |
45 (73.8) 4 (6.6) 12 (19.6) |
60 (80.0) 1 (1.3) 14 (18.7) |
0.261 |
| WBC (> 10 × 10^9/L, reference), n (%) | 88 (64.7) | 38 (62.3) | 50 (66.7) | 0.596 |
| NLR (> 10.1, cutoff), n (%) | 48 (35.3) | 15 (24.6) | 33 (44.0) | 0.018 |
| PLR (> 223.9, cutoff), n (%) | 83 (61.0) | 27 (44.3) | 56 (74.7) | 0.001 |
| RBC (< lower limit × 10^12/L, reference), n (%) | 106 (77.9) | 42 (68.9) | 64 (85.3) | 0.021 |
| HGB (< lower limit × g/L, reference), n (%) | 113 (83.1) | 46 (77.0) | 67 (88.0) | 0.090 |
| ALB (< 35 g/L, reference), n (%) | 72 (52.9) | 30 (49.2) | 42 (56.0) | 0.428 |
| HCRP (> 47.6 mg/L, cutoff), n (%) | 88 (64.7) | 34 (55.7) | 54 (72.0) | 0.048 |
Note: P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Cutoff values are determined by ROC analysis. Abnormal reference range for RBC: male < 4 × 10^12/L and female < 3.5 × 10^12/L, for HGB: male < 130 g/L and female < 115 g/L. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; PLT, platelet; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine transaminase; WBC, white blood cell; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; RBC, red blood cell; HGB, hemoglobin; ALB, albumin; HCRP, hypersensitive C-reactive protein