Table 3.
Characteristics of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, according to the presence or absence of diastolic dysfunction
| Characteristics | Diastolic dysfunction | P-value† | Adjusted for age | P-value‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Presence (n=28) | Absence (n=33) | Odds ratio‡ (95% CI) | |||
| Age, years | 50.0 [48.5–53.0] | 48.0 [41.0–51.0] | 0.025 | NA | NA |
| Disease duration, years | 6.5 [2.0–8.5] | 6.0 [3.0–11.0] | 0.303 | 0.998 (0.916–1.086) | 0.957 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 1 (3.6) | 4 (12.1) | 0.363∫ | 0.286 (0.040–2.037) | 0.211 |
| Blood pressure, mmHg | |||||
| Systolic | 122.0 [117.0–135.5] | 125.0 [112.0–131.0] | 0.739 | 0.979 (0.931–1.029) | 0.406 |
| Diastolic | 80.0 [75.0–89.0] | 80.0 [72.0–86.0] | 0.249 | 1.029 (0.962–1.101) | 0.407 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.0) | 0.999∫ | 0.000 (0.000–0.000) | 0.999 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.9 ± 3.2 | 22.9 ± 3.4 | 0.971∫∫ | 0.918 (0.767–1.099) | 0.350 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 0.66 ± 0.12 | 0.63 ± 0.10 | 0.464∫∫ | 1.100 (0.007–1.712) | 0.171 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dl | |||||
| Total | 185.5 ± 37.5 | 182.1 ± 28.6 | 0.706∫∫ | 1.006 (0.989–1.024) | 0.490 |
| HDL | 48.0 [40.0–65.0] | 53.0 [45.0–64.5] | 0.291 | 1.004 (0.970–1.040) | 0.808 |
| LDL | 116.2 [85.0–126.4] | 106.2[88.0–121.7] | 0.468 | 0.959 (0.899–1.023) | 0.200 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dl | 94.0[59.0–139.0] | 90.5[53.5–109.0] | 0.373 | 0.999 (0.987–1.010) | 0.816 |
| ESR, mm/hour | 24.5 [13.5–48.5] | 24.0 [14.0–39.0] | 0.772 | 1.002 (0.974–1.030) | 0.899 |
| CRP, mg/dl | 0.9 [ 0.1–1.3] | 0.2 [ 0.1–0.5] | 0.027 | 2.077 (1.204–3.585) | 0.009 |
| RF, n (%) ¶ | 21 (75.0) | 24 (72.7) | 0.999∫ | 0.999 (0.995–1.002) | 0.471 |
| Anti-CCP, n (%)¶ | 26 (92.6) | 28 (84.8) | 0.437∫ | 1.920 (0.483–7.626) | 0.354 |
| DAS28 | 3.0 ± 0.7 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 0.850∫∫ | 0.916 (0.209–4.016) | 0.907 |
| Prednisolone, n (%) | 19 (67.9) | 23 (70.0) | 0.953∫ | 0.628 (0.196–2.009) | 0.433 |
| Methotrexate, n (%) | 20 (71.4) | 24 (72.7) | 0.999∫ | 1.228 (0.386–3.911) | 0.728 |
| Hydroxychloroquine, n (%) | 18 (64.3) | 17 (51.5) | 0.436∫ | 1.361 (0.464–3.991) | 0.574 |
| Sulfasalazine, n (%) | 9 (31.1) | 7 (21.2) | 0.390∫ | 0.344 (0.033–3.557) | 0.371 |
| Leflunomide, n (%) | 9 (32.1) | 13 (39.4) | 0.602∫ | 0.479 (0.151–1.517) | 0.211 |
| TNF inhibitors, n (%)a | 3 (10.7) | 5 (15.2) | 0.715∫ | 0.851 (0.173–4.193) | 0.842 |
| Statin, n (%) | 5 (17.9) | 2 (6.1) | 0.231∫ | 1.992 (0.379–9.750) | 0.430 |
| NSAIDs, n (%) | 19 (67.9) | 26 (78.8) | 0.391∫ | 0.470 (0.142–1.544) | 0.216 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median [interquartile range], or number (percentage) as appropriate. CI confidence interval, NA not applicable, BMI body mass index, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP C-reactive protein, RF rheumatoid factor, Anti-CCP antibody anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, DAS28 Disease Activity Score in 28 joints TNF tumor necrosis factor, NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
†Unless otherwise noted, Mann-Whitney U test was used
‡Logistic regression was used to obtain age-adjusted odds ratios for the presence of diastolic dysfunction
∫Chi-square test was performed first and Fisher’s two-tailed exact test was used if warnings were presented
∫∫Two-sample t test was used
¶Indicated antibody positivity