Table 2.

Summary of the previously reported human cases with Enterococcus hirae

Case	References	Age	Gender	Year	Underlying diseases	Chief complaint	Method of E. hirae identification	Diagnosis	treatment	Outcome
1	Gilad et al. [24]	49	Male	1998	ESRD with hemodialysis, Indwelling central venous catheter	Fever	Rapid ID 32 Strep system	Septicemia	VCM + TOB	Complete resolution
2	Tan et al. [12]	82	Female	2000	DM	N/A	6.5% NaCl tolerance and growth on bile-esculin agar with esculin hydrolysis	Urinary tract infection	AMPC + GEM	Complete resolution
3	Tan et al. [12]	80	Male	2001	Biliary tract disease	N/A	6.5% NaCl tolerance and growth on bile-esculin agar with esculin hydrolysis	Biliary tract infection	CMZ +  Operation	Complete resolution
4	Poyart et al. [6]	72	Male	2002	Coronary artery disease	Fever, Chills, Progressive malaise, Generalized weakness	(sodA gene) sequencing	Native valve Endocarditis	ABPC + GM 4 weeks, RFP 3 weeks → ABPC + GM po Readmission: VCM + GM 6 weeks → ABPC po total 8 weeks	Complete resolution
5	Tan et al. [12]	50	Male	2002	ESRD	N/A	6.5% NaCl tolerance and growth on bile-esculin agar with esculin hydrolysis	Primary bacteremia	VCM	Complete resolution
6	Tan et al. [12]	55	Male	2003	N/A	N/A	6.5% NaCl tolerance and growth on bile-esculin agar with esculin hydrolysis	Urinary tract infection	ABPC	Complete resolution
7	Tan et al. [12]	63	Male	2004	Biliary tract disease	N/A	6.5% NaCl tolerance and growth on bile-esculin agar with esculin hydrolysis	Biliary tract infection	ABPC/SBT + biliary drainage	Complete resolution
8	Tan et al. [12]	69	Female	2004	N/A	N/A	6.5% NaCl tolerance and growth on bile-esculin agar with esculin hydrolysis	Urinary tract infection	ABPC/SBT	Complete resolution
9	Tan et al. [12]	57	Male	2006	Tongue cancer	N/A	6.5% NaCl tolerance and growth on bile-esculin agar with esculin hydrolysis	Catheter Associate infection	VCM + Removal of catheter	Complete resolution
10	Vinh et al. [9]	80	Male	2006	DM, Hypercholesterolemia, Coronary artery disease, Resection of malignant colonic polyp	Dyspnea, Vague epigastric discomfort	VITEK 2 automated system (bioMériux)	Native-valve bacterial endocarditis	ABPC 6 weeks after aortic replacement	Complete resolution
11	Tan et al. [12]	59	Male	2008	Pancreatic cancer with obstructive jaundice	N/A	6.5% NaCl tolerance and growth on bile-esculin agar with esculin hydrolysis	Biliary tract infection	VCM + IPM + Surgical intervention	Died
12	Tan et al. [12]	69	Female	2008	Lung cancer on chemotherapy	N/A	6.5% NaCl tolerance and growth on bile-esculin agar with esculin hydrolysis	CatheterAssociate infection	VCM +  Removal of catheter	Complete resolution
13	Canalejo et al. [25]	55	Male	2008	DM	Low back pain, Fever, Chills	VITEK 2 automated system (bioMériux), rRNA gene sequencing	Spondylodiscitis	ABPC + GM 8 Weeks → Surgery → LVFX po + ST 6 months	Complete resolution
14	Nicolosi et al. [26]	63	Male	2009	N/A	N/A	Unknown	Bacteremia	N/A	N/A
15	Chan et al. [5]	62	Female	2010	N/A	Fever, Chills, Urinary irritation	BD Phoenix ID/AST Panel Inoculation System	Acute pyelonephritis	CEZ + GM → ABPC → AMPC for total 12 days	Complete resolution
16	Chan et al. [5]	86	Female	2010	Congestive heart failure, HT, Valvular heart disease, Parkinsonism, Dementia, Recent history of hospitalization	Hypotensive, Febrile, Tachycardiac, Tachypneic	BD Phoenix ID/AST Panel Inoculation System	Acute cholangitis	CMZ 16 days → oral antibiotics (unknown) total 23 days	Complete resolution
17	Talarmin et al. [7]	78	Female	2011	DM, HT, Aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthetic valve	Fever, Generalized weakness, Weight loss	I6S rRNA sequencing	Prosthetic valve endocarditis	AMPC + GM 2 weeks → AMPC + RFP 4 weeks →  relapse 4 months after discontinuation of antibiotics therapy, same antibiotics started as for the initial episode for total 6 weeks	Relapse →  Complete resolution
18	Sim et al. [20]	61	Male	2012	Alcoholic liver cirrhosis, DM	Abdominal pain, Fever, Chills, Generalized weakness	Automated MicroScan WalkAway system; sugar fermentation tests	Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis	CTX → VCM + CPFX → ABPC total 17 days	Complete resolution
19	Brulé et al. [18]	44	Male	2013	Alcoholic liver disease, Atrial fibrillation, Dilated cardiomyopathy	Fever, Diarrhea, Vomit	Gel electrophoresis	Bacteremia, Pyelonephritis	CTRX + MNZ → add AMK →  nephrectomy → AMPC total 21 days	Complete resolution
20	Anghinah R et al. [10]	56	Male	2013	HT, DM, Hypercholesterolemia, Cardiac arrhythmia with surgical ablation, Surgical removal of a gastric leiomyoma	Slurred speech, Weight loss, Generalized fatigue, Depressive symptoms, Fever	Unknown	Native valve endocarditis	Oxacillin +  GM → ABPC → ABPC +  RFP total 4 weeks +  replacement of the aortic valve →  RFP + AMPC 2 weeks	Complete resolution
21	Alfouzan et al.[22]	48	Female	2014	DM	Abdominal pain, Productive cough, Fever	BD Phoenix Automated Microbiology System and DNA sequencing	Multiple splenic abscesses	PIPC/TAZ +  VCM + MNZ → Splenectomy → PIPC/TAZ + ABPC + LZD total 2 weeks	Complete resolution
22	Dicpinigaitis et al. [27]	85	Female	2015	HT, Hyperlipidemia	Nausea, Vomit, Abdominal pain	MALDI-TOF MS	Acute Pancreatitis	PIPC/TAZ → CFPM → ABPC total 14 days	Complete resolution
23	Bourafa et a. [14]	50	Male	2015	BPH, DM, Urinary catheterization	Dysuria with cloudy urine, Suprapubic pain, Urinary frequency, and urgency	MALDI-TOF MS	Symptomatic lower UTI	APBC + GM total 10 days	Complete resolution
24	Paosinho et al. [3]	78	Female	2016	Atrial fibrillation, Chronic renal disease	Nausea, Lipothymia, Generalized weakness	Unknown	Acute pyelonephritis	AMPC/CVA → PIPC/TAZ total 14 days	Complete resolution
25	Atas et al. [21]	70	Female	2017	CKD, Dialysis	Abdominal pain, Cloudy dialysate	Unknown	Peritonitis	Intraperitoneal CXM-AX + CPFX PO → did not respond to therapy → VCM 3 weeks → discharge → relapse → Intraperitoneal VCM 3 weeks	Relapse → Complete resolution
26	Hee Lee et al. [4]	78	Male	2017	DM, HT, Coronary arterial occlusive disease	Left flank pain, Febrile sensation	BacT/ALERT 3D Microbial Detection System (bioMérieux Inc., Durham)	Acute Pyelonephritis	CTRX → CPFX po 14 days	Complete resolution
27	Hee Lee et al. [4]	74	Male	2017	DM, HT, Coronary arterial occlusive disease	Left flank pain, Febrile sensation, Chills	BacT/ALERT 3D Microbial Detection System (bioMérieux Inc., Durham)	Acute pyelonephritis	CTRX → CPFX po 14 days	Complete resolution
28	Gittemeier et al. [8]	70	Male	2019	N/A	Bilateral leg edema, Dyspnea on exertion, Fatigue	MALDI-TOF MS	Aortic valve endocarditis	VCM → ABPC + CTRX → Aortic valve replacement → CTRX + PCG total 6 weeks	Complete resolution
29	Merlo et al. [17]	57	Male	2019	DM, COPD, Hepatic cirrhosis Child–Pugh B secondary to HCV	Dyspnea, Disorientation, Fever	MALDI-TOF MS	Pneumonia	PIPC/TAZ + AZM + Rifaximine PO → AMPC/CVA total of 8 days	Complete resolution
30	Pinkes et al. [11]	67	Female	2019	COPD, Recurrent DVT, Atrial fibrillation, HT, Hypothyroidism, Hodgkin’s lymphoma	fever, hypotension, atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response, and a two-week history of lightheadedness	MALDI-TOF–MS	Native-valve endocarditis	Aortic valve replacement, ABPC + CTRX total of 6 weeks	Complete resolution
31	Brayer et al. [19]	7 months	Male	2019	Gastroschisis, Jejunal atresia	Fussiness, Fever	Vitek 2 system (bioM.rieux)	Catheter associated infection	VCM  + PIPC/TAZ → VCM  → VCM + CTRX → ABPC +  CTRX and for 2 weeks with synergistic GM	Complete resolution
Our case	Nakamura et al.	57	Male	2020	Neurogenic bladder, Alcoholic cirrhosis	3 days fever and chills	MALDI-TOF–MS	Acute pyelonephritis	CTRX → add ABPC → LZD PO	Complete resolution

Vancomycin, VCM; tobramycin, TOB; flomoxef, FMOX; ampicillin, AMPC; gentamicin, GM; rifampin, RFP; PO, oral administration, Levofloxacin, LVFX; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ST; Amoxicillin, AMPC; Ceftriaxone, CTRX; Ciprofloxacin, CPFX; Cefazolin, CEZ; Cefmetazole; CMZ, cefotaxime; CTX, metronidazole; MNZ, amikacin; AMK, piperacillin/tazobactam; PIPC/TAZ, linezolid; LZD, Cefepime, CFPM; benign prostatic hyperplasia, BPH; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, AMPC/CVA; penicillin G, PCG; azithromycin, AZM, ESRD, end-stage renal disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HT, hypertension; cefuroxime axetil CXM-AX; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD; deep vein thrombosis, DVT