Table 2.
Clinical profile and investigation in patients with type 2 diabetes who had COVID-19 infection categorised according to fatigue scorea.
| Variables | Fatigue scorea (<4) | Fatigue scorea (>4) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | 24 (46.15) | 28 (53.85) | ||
| Age (Years) | 54.12 ± 11.36 | 56.14 ± 11.37 | 0.52 | |
| Sex, n (%) | Male | 16 (30.8) | 8 (15.4) | 0.06 |
| Female | 16 (30.8) | 12 [23] | ||
| Duration of diabetes (y) | 12.10 ± 7.56 | 8.57 ± 3.21 | 0.04 | |
| Weight (Kg) | 78.39 ± 14.55 | 74.06 ± 9.44 | 0.20 | |
| Body mass index (Kg/m2) | 28.43 ± 4.50 | 27.20 ± 2.88 | 0.24 | |
| Glycemic parameters before COVID-19 | ||||
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 132.01 ± 33.80 | 134.81 ± 38.92 | 0.80 | |
| Post prandial blood glucose (mg/dL) | 180.66 ± 52.17 | 184.76 ± 55.4 | 0.82 | |
| HBA1C (%) | 7.41 ± 1.50 | 7.52 ± 1.31 | 0.81 | |
| Clinical profile and investigations during COVID-19 | ||||
| Fever | 14 (58.3) | 23 (82.1) | 0.05 | |
| Weakness | 5 (20.8) | 10 (35.7) | 0.23 | |
| Shortness of breath | 0 | 4 (14.2) | 0.05 | |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms | 1 (4.1) | 1 (3.5) | 0.9 | |
| Loss of smell/taste | 3 (12.5) | 2 (7.1) | 0.5 | |
| Severity score on CT scan | 13.81 ± 4.76 | 12.38 ± 6.24 | 0.65 | |
| Thyroid stimulating hormone (m IU/l) | 2.55 ± 1.28 | 5.53 ± 1.65 | 0.04 | |
| 25-hydroxyvitamin vitamin D (ng/ml) | 55.03 ± 4.56 | 54.09 ± 6.56 | 0.99 | |
| Serum albumin (g/dl) | 4.33 ± 0.44 | 3.97 ± 0.64 | 0.07 | |
| Interleukin-6 (pg/ml) | 22.83 ± 10.23 | 96.38 ± 16.32 | 0.0001 | |
| Serum ferritin (ng/ml) | 236.22 ± 26.56 | 318.59 ± 28.62 | 0.007 | |
| High sensitivity C- reactive protein(mg/dl) | 12.87 ± 15.23 | 16.67 ± 13.25 | 0.5 | |
| Glycemic parameters after COVID-19 | ||||
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 157.37 ± 81.1 | 155.8 ± 55.32 | 0.93 | |
| Post prandial blood glucose (mg/dL) | 200.91 ± 54.75 | 226.12 ± 67.57 | 0.05 | |
| HbA1C (%) | 7.79 ± 1.78 | 8.37 ± 1.74 | 0.28 | |
| Clinical profile after COVID-19 | ||||
| No symptom | 11 (45.8) | 3 (10.7) | 0.004 | |
| Weakness/symptom of fatigue | 10 (41.6) | 22 (78.8) | 0.006 | |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms | 3 (12.5) | 2 (7.10) | 0.51 | |
| History of weight change (Kg) | −0.95 ± 0.21 | −1.96 ± 0.42 | 0.04 | |
| Handgrip strength (Kg)∗∗ | 30.42 ± 10.81 | 25.67 ± 9.83 | 0.04 | |
| Physical activity before COVID-19 (mins/day) | 30.23 ± 12.32 | 33.75 ± 11.23 | 0.09 | |
| Physical activity after COVID-19 (mins/day) | 28.54 ± 11.23 | 18.75 ± 9.56 | 0.004 | |
a
Measure by Chalder Fatigue Scale ∗∗As measured by Jamar Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer.