Table 5.

Univariate analysis of long-term survival in patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma

Variable	n	1-yr OS (%)	3-yr OS (%)	χ2	P
Gender				1.351	0.245
Male	113	76.1	40.8
Female	73	67.9	25.9
Age, yr				2.381	0.123
≤ 60	53	80.9	36.4
> 60	133	69.5	32.3
Smoking				0.822	0.364
Yes	62	78.2	27.3
No	124	70.2	36.1
Diabetes				0.014	0.906
Yes	53	70.8	32.6
No	133	73.5	34.6
PBD				1.217	0.27
Yes	90	70.2	27.7
No	96	75.1	39.9
TB (μmol/L)				0.623	0.43
≤ 21	38	78.9	44.4
> 21	148	70.9	32.3
CA19-9 (U/ml)				8.239	0.004
≤ 37	69	85	49
> 37	117	65.5	25.5
γ-GGT (U/L)				0.169	0.681
≤ 45	11	71.6	43
> 45	175	72.9	34.1
CA19-9/GGT				38.091	0
≤ 0.12	81	88.3	59.2
> 0.12	105	61	13.6
OP time, h				0.008	0.929
≤ 9	83	68.8	38.4
> 9	103	76	31.6
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)				2.693	0.101
≤ 500	117	72.8	39.1
> 500	69	72.5	26.2
Blood transfusion				8.307	0.004
Yes	66	65.1	26.1
No	120	76.9	37.3
Degree of differentiation				21.212	0
Poor	52	51.5	19.4
Moderate & high	134	80.9	40
Tumor size, cm				1.544	0.214
≤ 2	114	78.4	35.7
> 2	72	63.6	31.3
LN metastasis				30.845	0
Yes	75	59.8	15.8
No	111	81.4	48.4
Nerve invasion				1.861	0.173
Yes	162	73.7	30.3
No	24	66.2	66.2
Resection margin				3.343	0.067
R0	178	73.2	35.2
R1	8	62.5	12.5
Postoperative complication				2.357	0.125
Yes	54	67.8	28.8
No	132	74.9	36.3
Postoperative chemotherapy				0.073	0.788
Yes	39	70.4	36.8
No	147	73.4	33.5

OS: overall survival; PBD: preoperative biliary drainage; TB: total bilirubin; CA19-9: carbohydrate antigen 19-9; γ-GGT: γ-glutamyltransferase; OP: operation; LN: lymph node; R: resection margin.