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. 2021 Sep 10;11:657807. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.657807

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Copyright © 2021 Guo, Guo, Qiu, Fu, Zhu, Zhang, Wang and Chen

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of HTHH conditions on appetite in mice exerted via the gut-brain axis (A) Body weight in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group. (B) The appearance and morphology of feces differed in the control group and the experimental group. (C) Western blotting results of LEPT and POMC expression in the hypothalamus, and PYY expression in the colon. NPY expression in the hypothalamus was detected via qPCR (n = 3, two-tailed Student’s t-test. ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01. (D) PYY and IL-17A expression detected via immunohistochemistry. Periodic acid–Schiff staining was used to detect glycogen and mucin in colon tissue. (E) GlcNAcylation in the colon was detected using a pan anti-O-GlcNAc monoclonal antibody (n = 3).