Table 1:
Clinical and demographic differences between celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity
| Celiac disease (n=101) | Non-celiac gluten sensitive (n=125) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age of symptoms onset (year) | 42.2 | 38.0 | 0.03 |
| Female gender (%) | 76.2 | 78.4 | 0.8 |
| Typical celiac symptoms (diarrhea and weight loss) (%) | 67.3 | 24.8 | <0.0001 |
| Family history of celiac disease (%) | 28.7 | 12.8 | 0.004 |
| Personal history of autoimmune disease (%) | 28.7 | 12 | 0.002 |
| Nutrient deficiencya (%) | 57.4 | 18.4 | <0.0001 |
| Mild-to-moderate vitamin D deficiencyb (n) | 20 | 19 | 0.4 |
| Severe vitamin D deficiencyc (n) | 30 | 1 | <0.0001 |
| Iron deficiency anemia (n) | 20 | 3 | <0.0001 |
| Vitamin B12 deficiency (n) | 5 | 1 | 0.1 |
| Zinc deficiency (n) | 3 | 0 | 0.09 |
| Subjects with two or more deficiencies (n) | 20 | 1 | <0.0001 |
CD, celiac disease; NCGS, non-celiac gluten sensitivity.
a
Nutrient deficiency is defined as vitamin D, iron deficiency anemia, vitamin B12, or zinc deficiency.
b
Vitamin D levels between 10 and 30 ng/dl
c
Vitamin D levels less than 10ng/dl
Reproduced with permission from Kabbani TA, Vanga RR, Leffler DA, et al. Celiac disease or non-celiac gluten sensitivity? An approach to clinical differential diagnosis. Am J Gastroenterol 2014;109:741–6 (48)