Table 5.
Odds ratio of Emergency Severity Index, hospital admission, ICU admission, medical resources utilization for patients with vs without substance use disorder, *NHAMCS.
| SUD (AUD or DUD) | AUD Only | DUD Only | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
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| Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| ESI Score: Immediate or Emergency vs semi to Non-urgent | 1.73(1.53–1.97) | 1.32(1.14–1.53) | 2.58(2.12–3.13) | 1.35(1.08–1.68) | 1.65(1.43–1.89) | 1.40(1.20–1.64) |
| ESI Score: Urgent vs. semi- or non-urgent | 1.19(1.09–1.30) | 1.19(1.08–1.31) | 1.60(1.37–1.86) | 1.40(1.19–1.66) | 1.16(1.05–1.28) | 1.20(1.08–1.33) |
| Hospital Admission | 1.41(1.28–1.55) | 1.28(1.14–1.43) | 1.82(1.59–2.09) | 1.23(1.05–1.44) | 1.26(1.13–1.40) | 1.22(1.08–1.38) |
| ICU | 1.40(1.09–1.80) | 1.40(1.05–1.85) | 1.81(1.29–2.54) | 1.18(0.81–1.73) | 1.27(0.96–1.69) | 1.46(1.07–1.99) |
| Death | 1.22(1.09–1.36) | 1.31(1.15–1.49) | 1.59(1.36–1.86) | 1.32(1.10–1.58) | 1.06(0.93–1.20) | 1.22(1.06–1.41) |
| Left before triage | 1.28(1.04–1.56) | 1.03(0.83–1.28) | 1.55(1.17–2.07) | 1.34(0.99–1.83) | 1.21(0.96–1.51) | 0.95(0.75–1.20) |
| Blood test | 1.45(1.35–1.56) | 1.58(1.44–1.73) | 2.33(2.06–2.65) | 2.46(2.13–2.86) | 1.30(1.19–1.41) | 1.40(1.27–1.54) |
| Any imaging | 0.74(0.69–0.80) | 0.84(0.77–0.91) | 0.75(0.67–0.84) | 0.80(0.71–0.91) | 0.69(0.64–0.75) | 0.81(0.74–0.89) |
| Radiograph | 0.85(0.78–0.91) | 0.89(0.82–0.97) | 0.77(0.68–0.87) | 0.70(0.61–0.80) | 0.82(0.76–0.90) | 0.91(0.82–1.00) |
| CT | 0.93(0.85–1.02) | 0.98(0.89–1.09) | 1.25(1.10–1.43) | 1.17(1.01–1.35) | 0.82(0.74–0.91) | 0.90(0.81–1.01) |
| Ultrasound | 0.65(0.54–0.78) | 0.89(0.73–1.07) | 0.59(0.44–0.80) | 1.10(0.80–1.50) | 0.63(0.52–0.77) | 0.82(0.67–1.02) |
| MRI | 0.65(0.43–0.99) | 0.79(0.51–1.21) | 0.41(0.18–0.93) | 0.43(0.19–0.98) | 0.68(0.44–1.07) | 0.85(0.53–1.35) |
| Procedure | 0.93(0.86–1.00) | 0.96(0.89–1.04) | 0.91(0.82–1.02) | 0.95(0.85–1.07) | 0.90(0.84–0.98) | 0.93(0.86–1.01) |
NHAMCS, National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey.
Note: “Demographic” includes gender, age group, and race/ethnicity; “socioeconomic” includes residence type, insurance type, and census region; “visiting & clinical” includes year, day of the week, arrival by ambulance, seen within last 72 hours, pain level, temperature, heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, injury status, and reason for visit.
SUD, substance use disorder; AUD, alcohol use disorder; DUD, drug use disorder; OR, odds ratio; ESI, Emergency Severity Index; ICU, intensive care unit; ED, emergency department; CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.