Figure 1. Testing drug toxicity using an organ-on-chip platform.

Administering TCBs to an organ-on-chip platform (such as a model of the lung or intestine) allows the antibodies (Y-shaped structures) to recognize antigens (shown in yellow and blue) present in both healthy epithelial and cancerous cells. This brings T cells close to their targets and also activates them, which can lead to healthy cells being damaged (as assessed by measuring cell death and inflammation levels). This model is able to partially reproduce toxicity observed in animals and humans.

Image credit: Image was prepared with Servier Medical Art (CC BY 3.0).