Figure 3.

Frequencies of IFN-γ ⁺ CD4⁺ T cells expressing CD38, HLADR, or Ki67 are not substantially altered in active TB patients living with HIV. A, Frequencies of IFN-γ ⁺ CD4⁺ T cells expressing CD38, HLADR, or Ki67 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with ESAT6-CFP10 peptide pools (10 µg/mL) obtained from with PTB and or EPTB stratified by HIV status (50 patients living with HIV and 50 patients not living with HIV for each disease group). Lines represent median values and interquartile ranges. Data were compared between patients living with HIV and patients not living with HIV using the Mann-Whitney U test. B, The proportion of patients living with HIV presenting with virological suppression (HIV RNA <80 RNA copies/µL) was compared between PTB and EPTB groups using the Fisher exact test. C, CD4⁺T-cell counts were compared between PTB and EPTB patients living with HIV using the Mann-Whitney U test. D, Spearman correlations between CD4⁺ T-cell counts and frequency of IFN-γ+ CD4+ T lymphocytes expressing CD38, HLADR, or Ki67 in patients living with HIV. Bars represent the strength of correlation (r values). Black bars indicate a statistically significant correlation, while gray bars were nonsignificant. E, The representative plot of correlation between CD4⁺T-cell counts and frequency of IFN-γ ⁺ CD4⁺ T cells expressing CD38 in EPTB patients living with HIV lines represent linear regression with a 95% confidence interval. Abbreviations: EPTB, extrapulmonary TB; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IFN-γ, interferon gamma; PTB, pulmonary TB; TB, tuberculosis.